The biodiesel industry, with outstanding comprehensive benefits and high hopes from all sides, is encountering unprecedented development difficulties. Why does an industry with unlimited potential and should be developed greatly become so bleak?

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel produced from waste oils and oil crops such as waste cooking oil. It has the characteristics of high cetane number, non-toxicity, low sulfur, biodegradability and no aromatic hydrocarbon. It can be mixed with petrochemical diesel oil or directly replaced, and is a typical green renewable energy. Therefore, countries all over the world take biodiesel as one of the important directions of new energy development.

In China, developing biodiesel has the special value of "killing two birds with one stone". Because "gutter oil" can be used as a raw material for biodiesel production, proper treatment can effectively control the stubborn disease of "gutter oil" returning to the table. In view of this, from the central high-level decision-makers to the current legal policy documents, they all take a positive attitude and explicitly encourage its development.

China’s biodiesel industry has entered the fast lane of development since 2004, with a peak capacity of 3.5 million tons/year. However, according to a survey conducted by a reporter from China Energy News, at present, nearly 90% of biodiesel production enterprises are stopping production or closing down, and the actual annual output is less than 600,000 tons. Correspondingly, China’s annual production of "gutter oil" and other waste oil raw materials resources totals more than 10 million tons. Why does an industry with unlimited potential and should be developed greatly become so bleak?

Out-of-control "gutter oil"

At the beginning of 2014, Yunnan Yingding Bioenergy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Yunnan Yingding"), a private biodiesel producer, filed a lawsuit against Sinopec and Sinopec’s Yunnan branch, because the latter refused to trade the biodiesel produced by the former with "waste oil". Once the news came out, it caused widespread concern in society. This "first oil antitrust case" which lasted for nearly three years but has not been closed clearly reflects the current development status of biodiesel distress in China.

While the development of biodiesel is blocked, its raw material "waste oil" is getting out of control.

It is estimated that China produces about 4 million tons of "gutter oil" and 6.8 million tons of other waste oils every year. According to the survey report of China Petrochemical Federation, according to incomplete statistics, the amount of "gutter oil" collected and utilized in China is about 2.4-3 million tons/year, of which only about 700,000 tons are used to produce biodiesel (an average of 1.2 tons of gutter oil can produce 1 ton of biodiesel), and some of them are used in leather processing, daily chemical washing and other industries, and the rest are unknown.

Due to the frequent circulation of "gutter oil" across provinces, it is difficult to supervise, and illegal activities such as cooking oil produced by "gutter oil" and feed oil produced by "hogwash fat" have been repeatedly banned. In recent years, relevant cases have been reported frequently, and the health and safety hazards caused by this have become the focus of attention of the whole society.

Just as the "First Case of Petroleum Antimonopoly", which has attracted the attention of the central authorities and passed the second trial of Yunnan High Court, is still inconclusive, and it seems that the case is far from being closed, at the same time, due to a large number of enterprises being forced to stop production, it once rushed to the biodiesel production capacity of 3.5 million tons/year, and now the output has slipped to less than 600,000 tons/year. During this period, no one knows how much of the "waste oil" that was once "burned" has returned to the table.

Biodiesel: the bane of "gutter oil"

"It is an urgent task for the central and local government departments to seek ways to effectively control the return of’ gutter oil’ to the table. Ma Kai, Deputy Prime Minister of the State Council, recently made three consecutive important instructions on biodiesel, which shows that the central level attaches great importance to it. " Wu Ping, deputy director of the Law and Governance Research Office of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, said in an interview with the reporter of China Energy News.

After a series of investigations, the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center and China Petrochemical Federation unanimously affirmed the prospect of biodiesel in their respective reports submitted to the State Council, emphasizing that China should, as always, vigorously promote the development of biodiesel industry.

According to the reporter’s understanding, Vice Premier Ma Kai also clearly stated in his instruction document that "it is of great significance to produce biodiesel from waste oil, and the development of biodiesel industry should be supported".

Zhu Jianjun, director of the Industrial Research Division of the Industrial Development Department of China Petrochemical Federation, bluntly said in an interview that biodiesel can be mixed with petrochemical diesel in any proportion, which can realize the centralized and large-scale utilization of waste oils such as "gutter oil" and is the best choice to prevent gutter oil from returning to the table and turn it into treasure.

It is worth noting that the added value of biodiesel does not stop there.

According to the research report of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, at present, although diesel vehicles only account for 14.1% of the car ownership, their NOX and particulate emissions account for more than 69.2% and 99% of the total vehicle emissions. Solving the pollution and emission problem of diesel vehicles has also become a top priority.

Because the environmental performance of biodiesel is better than that of petrochemical diesel. "In the long run, it is of great significance to promote biodiesel on a large scale and ensure the continuous and stable supply of biodiesel raw materials by planting oil crops, which is of great significance for increasing the proportion of renewable energy and controlling air pollution." Wu Ping said.

Dilemma: legal products are sold illegally, and high-quality products are sold at low prices.

According to the information held by reporters, China has the basic conditions to accelerate the popularization and application of biodiesel under the background of high-level attention and support, complete current policy and legal documents, positive response from local governments and mature technical conditions of biodiesel.

Statistics show that in 2015, China’s diesel consumption reached 204 million tons, and it is expected to reach 221 million tons in 2020. In an interview with reporters, Lu Bo, chairman of the National Biodiesel Industry Alliance and chairman of Yunnan Yingding, pointed out that if only 2% biodiesel is blended into petrochemical diesel for sale, it will be enough to digest the current biodiesel production capacity.

However, it is worth noting that in the past two years, due to the oversupply of domestic diesel market and the limited understanding of biodiesel by oil sales enterprises, it is still difficult for biodiesel to enter the oil sales system smoothly according to law, although there are laws and policies that expressly protect it.

The above report of the State Council Development Research Center pointed out that although China’s current Renewable Energy Law and other documents have made relevant provisions on the sale of biodiesel blended with petrochemical diesel, the current policy has no mandatory explicit provisions and related restraint mechanisms, and there are no operational measures, resulting in both the National Standard for Biodiesel Blended Fuel (B5) and the National Standard for Biodiesel Blended with Diesel Fuel (BD100) becoming mere formality. In recent years, the pilot projects actively promoted by local governments have also failed to coordinate the acceptance of biodiesel by refined oil sales enterprises.

A typical example is Yunnan. In 2012, the provincial government issued the "Guiding Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Making Biodiesel from Waste Oil" (document No.46 [2012] of Yun Zhengban), proposing that Kunming should be identified as a demonstration city for the application of biodiesel from waste oil in this province, and this work should be included in the post target responsibility system of the state (city), county (city, district) and included in the performance appraisal system. This opinion is the earliest and most comprehensive guidance for the development of biodiesel industry from waste oil in China. However, it has not been implemented since it has been issued for nearly five years because it is impossible to coordinate the refined oil sales enterprises of central enterprises.

The production scale of biodiesel enterprises in China is generally small, and it is difficult to obtain the qualification of wholesale and retail of refined oil according to the current relevant management regulations. There is even a saying in the industry that "it takes 180 chapters to get the qualification", in addition to huge investment in infrastructure construction. In this context, "illegal sale of legal products" and "low price sale of high-quality products" have become a distorted portrayal of the current biodiesel trade.

Li Dingjie, the industrial development department of China Petrochemical Federation, who has been paying attention to the biodiesel industry for a long time and participated in the above research, pointed out that biodiesel also experienced a period of "making big money" when oil prices were high in the previous two years. Nowadays, the oil price has been running at a low level for a long time, and it is not easy for oil sales enterprises to cope with the impact of the inferior oil market and desperately maintain their market share of petrochemical oil products. "In this case, it is not surprising that biodiesel enterprises are generally caught in serious losses and even forced to stop production or close down."

Breaking the game: government-led, closed pilot

Experts interviewed by the reporter agreed that it is the most realistic, feasible and convenient way to open up biodiesel sales by leveraging the existing huge refined oil sales system.

From the development experience of foreign countries, the FAO report shows that the global biodiesel production (mainly in America and Europe) has reached nearly 27 million tons in 2015, and it is expected to reach 33.6 million tons in 2025, and the main raw materials for production are oil forest crops. Forced blending is the main means to promote the development of biodiesel industry in various countries.

According to the research report of the State Council Development Research Center, up to now, the mandatory blending of biofuels has been implemented in more than 30 countries, and it is generally required in all countries that petrochemical diesel oil must be blended with a certain proportion of biodiesel before it can be sold.

"Ensuring the safety of the table and preventing air pollution cannot rely solely on marketization. In order to realize the’ legal sale of legal products’ of biodiesel in China, we must learn from foreign experience, establish a coordination mechanism at the national level, and give appropriate policy inclinations and forced strong promotion. " Lu Bo stressed.

The experts interviewed unanimously suggested that a closed demonstration zone for the promotion and application of biodiesel should be set up as soon as possible, and it is a pragmatic solution to choose local areas for compulsory promotion.

In Wu Ping’s view, Yunnan, Henan, Shandong and Chongqing all have the basic conditions to develop biodiesel industry, which can be promoted as a pilot. "For example, Yunnan can give full play to the advantages of planting oil forest crops on a large scale, and at the same time, it can also make use of the resource conditions of the China-Myanmar pipeline and the Yunnan refinery of PetroChina; The successful experience of closed promotion of ethanol gasoline in Henan and the industrial base of biodiesel; Shandong can give play to the advantages of existing petrochemical refineries; Chongqing has a large consumption of marine oil, which can give full play to the advantages of rich and accessible hot pot oil and protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin from the source. "

"The return of’ gutter oil’ to the table involves people’s livelihood. As an effective solution, biodiesel should first emphasize its people’s livelihood value, instead of simply treating it as an ordinary economic problem. Petroleum and petrochemical central enterprises should start from the perspective of taking social responsibility and establishing the image of central enterprises, eliminate concerns as soon as possible, unify their understanding, play a leading role, correctly guide and actively participate in promoting the development of biodiesel industry." Xu Xiaodong, former director of the research office of the National People’s Congress Environmental Appearance Committee and special researcher of the State Council Counselor’s Office, said.

Not only that, Chinese consumers have low awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction, and there is no hard pressure to reduce emissions. Although the pace of upgrading refined oil products in China has accelerated, consumers are reluctant to use high-standard petrochemical oil because of its high price, which leads to the high-standard oil produced by oil central enterprises spending huge sums of money to upgrade and transform, which is "difficult to enter the market" and difficult to solve in the short term. In Lu Bo’s view, the central enterprises actively promoting the closed pilot of biodiesel will help petrochemical high-standard diesel to be gradually accepted by the market, thus solving the problem of delisting inferior oil, and at the same time it is more conducive to government supervision, which can be described as "killing more birds with one stone".

"In order to remove the obstacle that inferior and low-quality oil will not be delisted, we must take the road of government compulsion, central enterprises leading and cooperation between the state and the people, and implement the compulsory blending of qualified biodiesel in high-standard oil in the demonstration area to meet the requirements of oil upgrading and emission standards." Lu Bo thinks.

Zhu Jianjun also pointed out in particular that the government should strengthen the supervision of the flow of "gutter oil" and completely cut off the channel of "gutter oil" returning to the dining table. "Affected by living habits, the amount of raw materials for’ gutter oil’ in various places is basically stable. As long as the flow supervision is in place, the price of raw materials can also be reduced, which can greatly improve the economy of the biodiesel industry."

Wonderful comments

The "stone" of other mountains can attack "jade"

"Waste oil" has long been a stubborn disease that is difficult to cure in the country. In fact, "gutter oil" can completely turn waste into treasure and harm into treasure, and making it into biodiesel is recognized as the best way.

Moreover, biodiesel has been paid attention to by countries all over the world because of its superior advantages of renewable, clean and safe, and thus has been developed vigorously. This can be seen from the global biodiesel production capacity of nearly 27 million tons/year, and the annual growth rate of 26.5% for more than 10 years.

In the author’s investigation and interview, it is generally believed that in China, it is more meaningful to vigorously develop the biodiesel industry. It can not only effectively solve the problem of "gutter oil" returning to the dining table, which is controversial and difficult to supervise, but also effectively solve the problem of "delisting" of petrochemical low-grade and inferior oil, and promote the "entry" of high-standard oil, which is also of great significance to the prevention and control of air pollution and the optimization of energy structure in China.

In fact, at present, whether it is to solve the problem of "gutter oil" returning to the table or to control air pollution, it has become an important livelihood issue that governments at all levels need to focus on. From this point of view, the importance of vigorously developing biodiesel industry cannot be overemphasized. This also determines that the development of biodiesel industry can not be driven by marketization alone, and it can not be simply regarded as an ordinary economic problem.

Stones from other mountains can attack jade. At present, the biodiesel industry, which occupies the moral highland of "green development", has a strong development momentum all over the world. According to research data, it is estimated that the total production capacity of biodiesel in the world will reach 33.6 million tons in 2025. In recent years, the successful experience of more than 30 countries around the world shows that the rapid development of biodiesel industry can not be separated from the strong support of governments. Among them, compulsory mixing and necessary fiscal and tax support are indispensable and important driving forces.

Countries not only use biodiesel blended oil as the mainstream means of emission reduction, but also generally require that petrochemical diesel oil without biodiesel be banned from entering the market.

O If the United States stipulates that the blending ratio of biodiesel in ordinary diesel is 10-20%, subsidies and tax incentives will be adopted for biodiesel, and the tax rate will be zero;

O France has set a target of 10% for biofuels in total fuel sales in 2015;

O Brazil requires at least 7% biodiesel to be added to all diesel sold in 2014, and plans to gradually increase it to 10% in the next three years;

O At present, the proportion of biodiesel blended in Bulgaria is 8%, and it is planned to reach 10% by 2020;

O At present, the proportion of biodiesel added in Korea is 2.5%, and the production of biodiesel is tax-free;

O Malaysia began to enforce B5 biodiesel in 2012, and the blending ratio is currently 7%, and it is planned to increase to 10%;

O Indonesia is gradually implementing the biodiesel blending ratio of 15% and plans to increase it to 20%.

O In addition, the European Union provides a consumption subsidy of 0.39 euros per liter of biodiesel, among which Italy, Spain, Sweden and other countries have completely abolished the consumption tax on biodiesel … and so on, so I don’t need to go into details.

As mentioned above, the primary significance of developing biodiesel industry is that it can effectively utilize more than 4 million tons of "gutter oil" and about 7 million tons of waste oil in China every year. If the development of biodiesel industry can make people’s "dining table" safer and help enterprises establish a responsible image of environmental protection, why not invest heavily in the development of biodiesel for enterprises?

As experts have said, the state should increase its support for the biodiesel industry from the perspective of controlling "gutter oil" or smog. As long as the policies and regulations are implemented in place and the measures are appropriate, the biodiesel industry will get rid of the current development constraints, just like the "biodiesel fever" a few years ago.

In view of the current difficulties faced by the biodiesel industry, such as experts’ suggestions, it has become a top priority to introduce mandatory blending policies and fiscal and taxation support policies at the national level, and "break through as soon as possible, select mature Yunnan, Henan, Shandong, Chongqing and other places for pilot projects and set up closed demonstration zones for biodiesel popularization and application".

As a green, clean and low-carbon renewable fuel, the healthy development of biodiesel industry is unanimously regarded as beneficial to the country and the people. It is reasonable to believe that as long as we dare to break the restricted area, we can not only consider the overall situation of national health, but also start with the small construction of demonstration areas. The successful experience of "the stone from other mountains" will inevitably push China biodiesel industry out of the current predicament.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, from November 4 th to 8 th, the Third Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group conducted an on-site inspection of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve. Through the analysis of the previous adjustments of the nature reserve and the field verification, it is found that the Anqing municipal government arbitrarily adjusted the scope and functional zoning of the nature reserve, which led to the decline of the ecological function of the nature reserve and seriously threatened the finless porpoise habitat.

　　I. Basic information

　　The finless porpoise, known as the "giant panda in water", is an indicator species of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and is listed as an extremely endangered species in the Red List of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). According to the investigation and scientific research data organized by the former Ministry of Agriculture, Anqing Yangtze River section is one of the most densely populated Yangtze River sections because of its unique geographical and hydrological environment, and has become the most important habitat and protected area for finless porpoises. In 2007, Anqing City established a municipal finless porpoise nature reserve, covering the mainstream of the Yangtze River in Anqing City, with a total length of 243 kilometers and a total area of 806 square kilometers.

　　The state has always attached great importance to the protection of finless porpoises, especially since the 18th National Congress, a series of policy documents have been issued. In September 2014, the former Ministry of Agriculture issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Protection and Management of the Yangtze finless porpoise, demanding that "the Yangtze finless porpoise should implement the strictest protection and management measures in accordance with the protection requirements of national first-class key protected wild animals." In December 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture issued the Yangtze finless porpoise rescue action plan (2016-2025), which made it clear that "the precious next 10 years will be used to comprehensively promote and strengthen the restoration of the ecological environment and species resources in the Yangtze River and the two lakes, and quickly curb the rapid decline of the Yangtze finless porpoise population." In September 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Aquatic Organisms in the Yangtze River (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which clearly stated that "the rescue protection action of rare and endangered aquatic organisms represented by Chinese sturgeon, Yangtze sturgeon and Yangtze finless porpoise should be implemented" and "the habitat protection of Yangtze finless porpoise should be strengthened".

　　In response to the work of nature reserves, the rectification plan of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector of Anhui Province clearly stated that "the illegal and illegal construction projects of ecological functional areas should be resolutely cleaned up. Deeply learn from the lessons of ecological and environmental problems in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, and take it as a warning. "

　　Second, the main problems

　　Compared with the national requirements for the protection of finless porpoises and the contents of Anhui province’s rectification plan, the problems in the protection of finless porpoises in Anqing city are outstanding.

　　(a) frequent illegal adjustment of nature reserves.

　　In November, 2015, December, 2016 and June, 2017, Anqing municipal government issued three documents to adjust the scope and functional zoning of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve in just one and a half years, and none of them were formally approved by the higher authorities. Among them, the adjustment in 2015 reduced the total protected area from 806 square kilometers to 552 square kilometers, and the length of the main stream from 243 kilometers to 152 kilometers. The practice of Anqing Municipal Government violates the requirements of the State Council’s Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Management of Nature Reserves, that nature reserves shall not be adjusted within five years in principle from the date of approval of establishment or adjustment, and that the adjustment of local nature reserves shall be examined and approved by the local provincial people’s government and reported to the Ministry of Environmental Protection and relevant departments for the record.

　　(2) The protection function is constantly "slimming and degrading".

　　The area of the reserve has been slimmed down.In the adjustment in 2015, Anqing City transferred the 91-kilometer section of the river, including the core area of Tongtie Plate Island, out of the reserve as a whole, resulting in about 50 finless porpoises losing their "shelter". In the adjustment in 2017, Anqing transferred 2.66 square kilometers of four areas, namely Shuanghekou section, Mozhazhou section, Wulimiao section and Changfeng section, out of the protected area to make way for the construction of the central port area of Anqing Port.

　　The finless porpoise habitat has been eroded.Inspectors found that Anqing city invaded the finless porpoise habitat through step-by-step adjustment and continuous encroachment. According to the scientific investigation, the Anhui River Estuary and Desert Island are foraging places for finless porpoises. This area was adjusted from a buffer zone to an experimental zone in 2016, and was transferred out of the reserve in 2017. On-site inspection found that more than 10 berths, including Anqing Petrochemical Hazardous Chemicals Wharf, have been built along the Yangtze River coastline of just two kilometers from Wanhekou to Desert Island. The Qingjie Zhoutou and Zhanghu Gate in Wanhe Farm area are important habitats for finless porpoises. In 2015, this area was adjusted from a buffer zone to an experimental zone, and most of them were transferred out of the reserve in 2017 for the construction of the central port area of Anqing Port.

　　Protected areas make way for development.The section from Xinba to Taokou River in susong county was the core area of the reserve before 2015, which was adjusted to a buffer area in 2015 and reduced to an experimental area in 2016. According to the functional zoning adjustment report provided by Anqing City, there is no sign of finless porpoise activity in this area, but the comprehensive investigation report of the protected area shows that finless porpoise activity still exists in this section of the river in 2016. On-site inspection found that the coastline of this area is close to Linjiang Industrial Park in susong county, and there are many leather and chemical enterprises. The sewage outlet of the park located in the protected area has not been approved so far, which continues to threaten the finless porpoise habitat.

　　(three) there are still a large number of illegal projects in the existing protected areas.

　　The former Ministry of Environmental Protection clearly requested in the review opinion of environmental impact assessment of Anqing Port Central Port Planning: "Strictly observe the red line of regional ecological protection, and the planning contents such as docks, berths and anchorages in the legally protected areas should be cancelled according to law, and the projects that have been built in the area that are inconsistent with the law should be rectified within a time limit to speed up the clean-up and rectification." However, inspectors found that there are 25 berths for production terminals, 2 water gas stations and 3 anchorages in Anqing shoreline alone in the adjusted protected area. Among them, Haikou Wharf, Jianghai Sandstone Wharf and Yangjiatao Water Gas Station are located in the buffer zone of the reserve, and all three anchorages are located in the waters where finless porpoises are active, which directly threaten the survival of finless porpoises. In addition, there are 18 sewage outlets directly discharging into the main stream of the Yangtze River, four of which have not been approved.

Figure 1: There are water gas stations in the buffer zone of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve.

Figure 2: There is a production dock in the buffer zone of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve.

　　The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council requires that "by 2020, fishing in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin will be banned all the year round". Up to now, only 6 fishing boats have been withdrawn from Anqing, and 492 fishing boats are still to be withdrawn, which seriously lags behind the work progress. According to relevant scientific research data, in recent years, some feeding or foraging areas of Anqing finless porpoise have disappeared, and the population tends to be fragmented, so the living environment of finless porpoise is worrying.

　　Third, the reason analysis

　　The relevant departments of Anhui Province and Anqing Municipal Government have not paid enough attention to the protection of the Yangtze River ecosystem, and their responsibilities are lacking.

　　Provincial agricultural commissionFor a long time, the protection of finless porpoises has not been coordinated as a whole, and the relevant national documents on finless porpoises have been changed, and there is no strong supervision and support for the protection of local finless porpoises. In 2015, the approval document for the adjustment of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve was copied to the Provincial Agriculture Committee and the Provincial Environmental Protection Department. After receiving the document, the Provincial Agriculture Committee left it alone, allowing the protected areas to be greatly reduced.Provincial environmental protection departmentThere is a lack of effective supervision on Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve, and the core area and buffer area of Anqing finless porpoise nature reserve are not included in the ecological protection red line.

　　Anqing municipal governmentInstead of avoiding the finless porpoise nature reserve according to the requirements of the environmental impact assessment review of Anqing Port Central Port Planning, the protected area was adjusted to make way for the development of the port area.Anqing agricultural commissionThe provided data of functional zoning of protected areas are inconsistent, and they dare not touch the illegal items in protected areas, and even blame the experts for the illegal adjustment of protected areas.

　　In this regard, the inspector group said that it will further investigate and verify the situation, and will insist on local investigation and punishment if there is dereliction of duty.

Special topic: picture channel

　　

　　　　On December 13th, in Lisbon, Portugal, leaders of EU member states took the stage to sign the Lisbon Treaty.

　　

　　　　On December 13th, in Lisbon, Portugal, leaders of EU member states applauded to celebrate the signing of the Lisbon Treaty.

　　

　　　　On December 13th, in Lisbon, Portugal, leaders of EU member states took a group photo after the Lisbon Treaty was signed. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)

　　　　China Journal Global Online News: Leaders of EU member states signed the Lisbon Treaty in Lisbon, Portugal, on the 13th. If the treaty is finally ratified by member States, it will pave the way for the reform of EU institutions.

　　　　The signing ceremony was held in Jeronimos Monastery, which was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. Portuguese Prime Minister Socrates, the rotating presidency of the European Union, European Commission President Barroso and European Parliament Speaker Petrin delivered short speeches successively.

　　　　Socrates said that the Lisbon Treaty will make the EU more modern, more efficient and more democratic, and will also make the EU’s voice in the world louder. Barroso said that the Lisbon Treaty will make the EU better serve the citizens of its member countries and make the EU’s foreign policy more coherent. The signing of the Lisbon Treaty has made the EU full of confidence in the future.

　　　　After the speech, the leaders of the 27 member States of the European Union signed the treaty one after another. The signing of the Lisbon Treaty marks the temporary end of the constitutional crisis that has plagued the EU for more than two years. According to the plan, the treaty ratification procedure will be completed in 2008 and will take effect before the European Parliament election in 2009.

　　　　In 2005, after the EU Constitutional Treaty was rejected by France and the Netherlands, the EU was caught in a constitutional crisis, and the issue of institutional reform was forced to be shelved. In March this year, EU leaders adopted the Berlin Declaration, announcing the end of the constitutional reflection period. The Lisbon Treaty, regarded as a simplified version of the EU Constitutional Treaty, was born six months later.

　　　　According to the Lisbon Treaty, the Council of the European Union will have a permanent president to replace the current rotation mechanism of the EU presidency once every six months; At present, the two overlapping functions of the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission Commissioner for Foreign Affairs will be merged; The European Commission will be slimmed down, and the current practice of appointing an EU member in each member state will be abolished; Replace the current "effective majority voting system" with "double majority voting system"

Editor: Li Xiuwei

Xinhua News Agency, Hong Kong, December 26th Title: Hong Kong’s economic recovery is improving, focusing on tackling chronic diseases of people’s livelihood.

Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Xu Wang Xi Chen Peiying Huang Qiantian

In 2021, Hong Kong’s economy will recover strongly, and the SAR government predicts that the annual growth is expected to reach 6.4%.

This year, international finance centre’s position remained stable, and the latest ranking of international institutions rose by one place and returned to the third place.

This year, Hong Kong made a long-term plan, and it is expected that the core issues of economic and social development, such as housing problems and innovative technology, will be solved.

Confidence in a strong economic recovery has steadily increased.

"Hong Kong’s economy has recovered strongly this year." E Zhihuan, chief economist of BOC Hong Kong, has a clear view: "In sync with the major economies in the world, Hong Kong has entered the track of strong recovery, and this trend will continue."

Ou Xixiong, economic adviser to the SAR Government, said that the sharp improvement in external factors was the main driving force for Hong Kong’s economic recovery.

The unemployment rate in Hong Kong has also continued to improve this year. According to the latest labor force statistics released by the Census and Statistics Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government on December 16th, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate dropped from 4.3% from August to October in 2021 to 4.1% from September to November in 2021.

Another highlight of Hong Kong’s economy is that inflation is under control. Unlike the recovery of many economies and the deterioration of inflation, consumer prices in Hong Kong have only increased slightly. In the first three quarters of this year, the basic consumer price inflation was 0.4%, and the overall consumer price inflation rate for the whole year was predicted to be 1.6%.

A number of recent surveys show that business confidence in Hong Kong has steadily increased.

According to the "Business Prospects Questionnaire Survey" of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, nearly half of the enterprises surveyed expect that the turnover next year will increase compared with this year.

Housing and people’s livelihood pain points will become the focus of policy.

Ms. Li, who lives in public housing (low-rent housing in Hong Kong), is obsessed with moving to a big house: "My daughter is older, a little rebellious, and she often conflicts with her father, even if she is given a small space."

28 square meters, five people. This is the status quo of Ms. Li’s family. The two older daughters slept in bunk beds, huddled behind the door, and the mother took the younger daughter to sleep in the cabin. If I hadn’t got through the balcony, my father’s sofa wouldn’t be open.

According to the data of the Housing Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government, there are now more than 250,000 applications waiting for public housing, and the waiting time is nearly six years.

Housing is the biggest pain point of Hong Kong society. For a long time, it is difficult to reach a consensus on how to solve it.

In 2021, with the care and support of the central government, Hong Kong got rid of the haze of social tears, and the SAR government and all walks of life increasingly focused on solving people’s livelihood problems.

The core of Hong Kong’s housing problem is the land problem. According to the latest figures released by the Housing Department, about 350 hectares of land have been found in the next decade, which can build about 330,000 public housing units. According to the Housing Department, this is a new high in recent years, and the multi-pronged land search strategy of the SAR Government has achieved results.

What is even more encouraging is the planning of the "Northern Metropolitan Area". In the policy address in October this year, the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor, proposed to build a "Northern Metropolitan Area" covering an area of 300 square kilometers in northern Hong Kong, which is suitable for living, industry and tourism. While meeting the housing needs of about 2.5 million people, it can also form a strategic layout of "two cities and three circles" with Shenzhen, and play a "double engine" role for the country and produce a "strong joint force" role.

Hong Kong still has good opportunities without fear of western smearing.

Peter Stein, a Danish businessman who is talking business in Europe, is eager to return to Hong Kong, even if he has to spend the whole Christmas holiday together with New Year’s Day in an isolation hotel. Hong Kong has his business and his family.

"I like the freedom of Hong Kong, especially the combination of busy city life and beautiful countryside." Peter Stein, who started a medical device company in Hong Kong in 1994, said, "One of my best experiences was hiking in the mountains. When I was hiking on Lantau Island, I could hear Donald singing in Disneyland. This will not be found in other parts of the world, only in Hong Kong. "

He found that what people in Europe are talking about in Hong Kong is totally different from the Hong Kong where he lives. "They believe the information in those media, and they are misled!" Peter Stein believes, "For young people, Hong Kong is the place with the best opportunities in the world. Hong Kong is a Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with more than 80 million people. It has a good infrastructure and many excellent companies and enterprises. "

It takes time to eliminate the smear of western media, but western business circles still have confidence in Hong Kong.

According to the 30th "Global Financial Center Index" report of Z/Yen Group and China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute, the overall ranking of Hong Kong, China rose by one place from March this year to the third place in the world.

In the global IPO market, KPMG reported that as of December 5, the total IPO amount of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2021 was $39 billion, and the amount of funds raised ranked fourth in the world.

The Hong Kong bond market in 2021 is also extremely active. Renminbi bonds, in particular, experienced a downturn in previous years. In 2021, 20 billion yuan from the Ministry of Finance and 5 billion yuan from Shenzhen were issued in Hong Kong, and the Hong Kong SAR Government also issued 5 billion yuan of offshore RMB green bonds for the first time, which was enthusiastically sought after.

The smooth development of bond links and "cross-border wealth management links" highlights the advantages of connectivity between Hong Kong and the Mainland. Raymond Yue, president of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, said that foreign investors are most concerned about how to better seize the opportunities in the Hong Kong and mainland markets and how to strengthen the development of new fields such as financial technology and green finance. With the continuous advancement of interconnection, Hong Kong’s financial industry will gain greater development momentum.

Innovation and entrepreneurship, in the best times and the best regions.

Wu Xueming, who graduated from Harvard University, started his business in Hong Kong, and then moved to Foshan and Jiangmen to set up business parks. The persistent epidemic has allowed Wu Xueming to conduct his own mainland enterprises by remote video.

"This is the best entrepreneurial era, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the best entrepreneurial area." Wu Xueming said.

Zhan Peixun organized youth science and technology exchange activities in Hong Kong for a long time, and finally could not hold back his entrepreneurial passion. He started his own unmanned vehicle project in Shenzhen at the beginning of this year. At present, his company has obtained the first unmanned test license granted by the Transport Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government.

He can list a lot of complementary advantages of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and he is deeply impressed by the support policies of various places for Hong Kong Youth. He recently visited Guangzhou Nansha, Shenzhen Qianhai, Futian Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone and other places, and found that all places tried their best to attract Hong Kong youths to get in, stay and blend in. "For Hong Kong youths who are interested in starting businesses, this is definitely the best place to land.".

The Hong Kong SAR Government is also determined to enhance its support for innovation and technology. In the 2021 policy address, Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor announced that it would immediately study the expansion of the Science Park, and suggested that the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Science and Technology Park, which is being built in Hetao, should be integrated with Lok Ma Chau and Xintian to form a "Xintian Science and Technology City".

Liang Haiming, president of Silk Road Zhigu Research Institute, is very optimistic about this area. Xintian Science and Technology City has about 240 hectares of land related to Chuangke, and together with Shenzhen Chuangke Park, it forms a Shenzhen-Hong Kong Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Zone covering an area of about 540 hectares.

Yang Yuchuan, a visiting professor in hong kong financial services institute, suggested that Hong Kong should give full play to its special advantages and attract international scientific research talents in the future, so as to make Hong Kong a science and technology innovation center that gathers talents from home and abroad for common development.

Freed from the constraints of "pan-politicization", Hong Kong concentrates on planning long-term development. "In the past, we didn’t have the courage, knowledge or conditions to plan the future for Hong Kong." In a forum in October, Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor said that the two major measures taken by the central authorities, including the Hong Kong National Security Law, have restored our stability, and improving the electoral system has enabled us to ensure that "patriots govern Hong Kong". Now it is time to forge ahead, make a fresh start and plan for the future of Hong Kong.

　　　　What should I do if I want to exercise, be comfortable and have four seats and enough space? Then look at this "three guns". We have just tested Porsche and AMG, both of which are 4 stars, but this time it’s Panamera’s big brother, the turbocharged version, and the old Audi. Who is the winner? Who is more comprehensive? Because if you want to win the "box office champion", you must not only be brave, but also have a "plan".

　　　　The same four doors and four seats, although Porsche’s 500 horsepower is the weakest, from the appearance, compared with Mercedes-Benz E 63 AMG and Audi RS6, Panamera Turbo is obviously special. 5 meters long, it has a maximum luggage compartment space of 1250 liters and a fuel tank volume of 100 liters — — Most sports cars don’t have such charm. Also, Porsche has put too much effort into this new model with internal code name G1, so it is normal for it to gain more favorable feelings from people.

　　　　Since it is likely to fall in love at first sight, and since the Panamera Turbo appears for the first time, we will take Porsche as the benchmark for this comparative test article.

　　　　The first shot: Porsche is amazing, but its shortcomings are obvious.

In this case, Porsche’s four-wheel drive system is not efficient enough.

　　　　After sitting in the Panamera Turbo, its charm will attract you at once. The seat position is the lowest in this class, which is very Porsche, but contrary to Porsche tradition, they have become a little wider. On this basis, Panamera provides a separate suite for each passenger.

Excellent sense of sports car, four seats, which is a unique pleasure provided by Porsche.

Attractive and traditional instruments, especially the navigation system, surprise people.

　　　　However, there must be some people who complain that Porsche’s seats are not "reassuring" to others, and despite the huge and changeable luggage compartment, Panamera’s space for passengers does not match its 5-meter figure. Imagine that if a Japanese designer cuts out such a stingy interior space from such a sufficient body, then he will definitely wave the Tatsu Yamashiro — — Cut more space or cut yourself open. Not to mention that the adjustment device of the rear seat needs to increase the price. Only if the front passenger is tall, then he must care about his friends in the back seat and have to move the seat forward a few centimeters. As a result, no matter what he feels or what passers-by see, he will feel very uncomfortable about the proportion of the whole car.

Spoiler capable of changing in four stages

　　　　It is true that Porsche fans can still get everything they want from Panamera even if they don’t move. After paying 135,000 euros, you have a lot of exquisite leather decorations, and Alcantara hugs you, including the top of your head. Touch-screen navigation system is particularly commendable, it is very user-friendly, and there is a parking assistance system that is of great help to anyone — — I say anyone, because Panamera’s vision is extremely limited.

Various adjustment functions have their own exclusive buttons.

The rear sunshade is not convenient and should be improved.

　　　　On the other hand, although the starting price has been reduced by 30,000 euros, the rich configuration can still meet your needs. The Audi RS6 is based on the sturdy A6. Although the sports seat is slightly higher, it is comfortable to ride, and the carbon fiber and metal trim are even more refreshing. It can be said that Porsche and Audi don’t need any improvement in the interior, but Mercedes-Benz AMG may make people a little unhappy. Although it also has sports seats, carbon fiber and metal decoration, E 63 AMG is obviously simple and far less refined than the above two "brothers".

　

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The first shot: Porsche is amazing, but its shortcomings are obvious.

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　　　　Second shot: Porsche has the strongest speed and acceleration performance.

Open the engine compartment, which one will you hug?
They are naturally aspirated, turbocharged and double turbocharged respectively.

　　　　Mercedes-Benz will not let people down, I think many people will have this idea, so wake up AMG first, and it is the only naturally aspirated engine among the three. By the way, the actual displacement of AMG numbered 6.3 is 6.2 liters, which can actually be traced back to the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (Gallery Forum) EL 6.3&mdash in 1968; — That savage revolutionary deserves credit for his deceptive symbol. But why has no one accused Mercedes-Benz of being a big liar for a long time? I think V8′ s excellent popularity has made people forget this for a long time. The same is true now. The 525 HP V8 of E 63 AMG dispels people’s worries only through sound waves. Its speed rises extremely quickly, and you will not be limited by the turbocharger. Moreover, the 7-speed automatic gearbox is seamlessly matched with it, and the shift is fast and smooth. When necessary, it takes only 100 milliseconds to complete the shift using M mode. In this appraisal, Mercedes-Benz AMG surpassed Audi and Porsche 7-speed PDK.

Shock absorption and steering have a high balance, and the V8 engine is powerful.

　　　　Now come to the Audi RS6 with the highest horsepower. The 580-horsepower 5.0-liter V10 is related to Lamborghini. Although it has been domesticated, the rumbling sound is still somewhat unpleasant and even boring. However, with the help of two turbochargers of IHI, you will gradually smile until your mouth is completely opened under the pressure of G value. Because of all-wheel drive, the big guy weighing 2058kg can get traction almost all the time, and the 6-speed automatic gearbox can always be in the proper transmission ratio. Even if the weight is increased by 0.5 tons during the test, RS6 has no scruples to challenge the speed limiter (not only 250 kilometers, but also the maximum speed limit can be set at 280 kilometers per hour). When the speed reaches 260 kilometers, the exhaust pipe will make a grunt when it is shifted to the highest gear — — Great. At this time, in addition to the rare sense of speed, you will clearly feel that Audi perfectly combines power and comfort.

Driving AMG is the easiest, but the interior material may be unsatisfactory.

　　　　To say that the combination is perfect, we really can’t forget the Mercedes-Benz in front, because comprehensiveness is the magic weapon that it can always stand out from the crowd. In addition to the excellent shock absorption effect, a large number of auxiliary systems work extremely effectively, but the maximum speed enjoyed is limited to 250 kilometers per hour — — If you want to continue to 300 kilometers per hour, you need to pay 3927 euros including training expenses.

Mercedes-Benz’s ceramic brake disc is 402 mm, which also needs to be increased.　　　　

This regulation system is a big reason for people to pay for AMG.

　　　　It’s much easier to drive the Porsche Panamera Turbo into the 300km club. You just need to press a Sport Plus button, otherwise it won’t move forward after reaching 270km/h in comfort mode. Here, in order to improve stability, Porsche has a little secret, that is, there is a spoiler called "rabbit house" in the rear of the car. It is not only a simple expansion, but also can be understood through levels.

　　　　In the end, Porsche still can’t underestimate the 4.8-liter V8 in acceleration performance because it surpassed 300 wins. Perhaps Porsche’s power is the poorest of the three, but looking at the torque, Audi’s 650 Nm is proud enough (Mercedes-Benz’s 630 Nm is also extravagant enough), but Porsche has reached 700 Nm through turbocharging, and even climbed to the peak of 770 Nm after strengthening the turbocharging value. Therefore, from the beginning to the end, Panamera was ahead of its competitors, and Audi was always at a disadvantage because of its big size.

　　　　The powerful Porsche has lowered its previous disadvantages through performance, and the fuel consumption will naturally be affected. Fortunately, there is little difference. When the speed is 220km/h, the highest 7th gear of the dual clutch gearbox is used, and the speed is only 3000 rpm. Which gear to use is very important for dieting, because the fuel consumption can vary from 9.5 liters to 25 liters, and the average fuel consumption in ams test is about 18 liters. The more powerful Audi and Mercedes-Benz performed slightly better, at the cost that they could not surpass Porsche.

The heavy front load and Torsten differential make RS6 prone to understeer.

How many dreamers were awakened in one word? Zhu Huarong, chairman of Changan, made an amazing prediction: "In the next three to five years, 80% of fuel vehicle brands in China will face closure and transformation!" The data shows that the penetration rate of new energy vehicles continues to rise. At present, the domestic retail penetration rate reaches 51.1%, which has become the top stream of the automobile market. The penetration rate of fuel vehicles has fallen below 50%, becoming a minority, and the future will be the world of new energy vehicles!

Recently, Deep Blue Auto was launched again. The new car provides two kinds of power: extended range and pure electricity. The guide price is 119,900-149,900 yuan.

Deep blue S05, like a loyal partner, accompanies us on the journey to find a colorful life. It is not only a car, but also the key to a colorful life.

The smoke from the boiler rises as if telling the warmth of life; The steaming hot pot embodies the laughter of friends and relatives; The aura of communication between small animals and people shows the wonder of life; The resentment of migrant workers, although helpless, is also a witness to the struggle; The pot gas in the restaurant is filled with delicious food on earth; Playing with the anger on children’s faces is full of innocence and vitality. These "qi", which are often ignored by people, are the components of human fireworks.

Deep blue S05 takes us through the streets of the city, looking for these colorful "qi". Its fashionable appearance and comfortable interior make every trip a pleasure. No matter in a bustling city or a quiet country, Deep Blue S05 can record every warm moment in life with us.

While pursuing speed and passion, Chery Automobile has never forgotten the ultimate exploration of driving pleasure. As a master of Chery’s intelligent strategy, it not only has strong dynamic performance and excellent handling performance, but also achieved a major breakthrough in the field of intelligent interaction. Its advanced intelligent voice assistant, personalized customized interface and seamless in-vehicle ecosystem enable drivers to enjoy an unprecedented intelligent experience. ICar 03, in its unique way, is leading the new trend of intelligent interaction, making every driving a touch of the soul. In the cockpit of iCar 03, every start indicates the beginning of an extraordinary journey. The ambient light in the car is subtly adjusted with the change of driving mode, creating a driving atmosphere that is either passionate or quiet and far-reaching, so that the driver’s emotions can be integrated with the vehicle. Intelligent voice assistant not only responds quickly and understands accurately, but also provides timely and effective navigation and entertainment suggestions under complex road conditions, as if it were a caring companion, ready to solve problems for drivers at any time. Personalized customization interface is another highlight of iCar 03. Drivers can freely adjust the dashboard layout, theme color and even vehicle power output mode according to their own preferences, making the car truly a unique personality symbol. This deeply customized experience allows drivers to enjoy the speed and passion, but also feel the respect and understanding from the vehicle itself.

Recently, CCTV reporters personally experienced the intelligent driving function of Chery iCar 03 and gave high praise. During the experience, the reporter first felt the intelligent interactive experience brought by iCar 03′ s intelligent cockpit system. This system realizes intelligent interaction with drivers and passengers through intelligent induction technology and artificial intelligence algorithm. Whether it is voice control, gesture recognition or facial expression recognition, iCar 03 can accurately capture the user’s actions and needs, and intelligently analyze and respond through intelligent systems. This intelligent interaction not only improves the convenience of users, but also creates a more intelligent interactive experience for drivers and passengers.

In addition to the smart cockpit system, iCar 03 also performed well in intelligent driving. It is equipped with an all-round intelligent driving assistance system, which can realize functions such as automatic driving and automatic parking. Through the comprehensive application of technologies such as lidar, camera and smart chip, iCar 03 can realize the environmental awareness and independent decision-making of vehicles, and provide all-round safety guarantee for drivers. At the same time, iCar 03 also has the functions of intelligent road condition recommendation and intelligent navigation, which can provide drivers with the best driving scheme according to the actual situation.

During the test drive, the reporter particularly emphasized the stability and accuracy of iCar 03′ s intelligent driver assistance system. No matter on urban roads or highways, iCar 03 can accurately identify road markings, traffic signs and other vehicles, and make corresponding responses. This kind of intelligent driving experience makes reporters feel very at ease and comfortable.

Chery iCar 03, as a masterpiece of intelligent transformation of Chery automobile, won high praise from CCTV reporters for its extraordinary intelligent driving function. It is not only a car, but also the perfect integration of intelligent technology and human travel dreams. With its forward-looking design concept, precise driving control and comprehensive safety protection, iCar 03 shows Chery Automobile’s outstanding innovation ability in the field of intelligent driving, leading the industry to a safer, more comfortable and more convenient travel mode.

　　August 30, 2017 12: Auto Weekly? Auto show manuscript source: this newspaper

On August 25th, the brand-new MG 3 of "Entry-level Boutique Internet Family Car" was unveiled at Chengdu Auto Show, priced at 59,800 yuan to 93,800 yuan.

　　At the same time, all the models of MG MG also made their debut, showing the layout of young Internet products. The popular national trendy car MG ZS and MG GS Internet Edition have jointly brought new ways to play MG MG car owners’ culture, covering the national car owners’ sharing and the upcoming Internet peak challenge.

　　As another "Internet masterpiece" of MG MG, the brand-new MG 3 responds to the higher requirements of young consumers for entry-level cars, and brings exclusive internet driving experience to young people who pursue fashion and enjoy life with "good-looking, easy to drive and fun": not only riding instead of walking, but also showing social attitude, not only designing inside and outside the United States, but also adding safety points, and interpreting the true meaning of entry-level boutique family cars with strength.

　　Smart Internet system allows the brand-new MG 3 to easily control many "magic skills" such as intelligent navigation, Alipay, voice interaction between people and cars. Users can take out their mobile phones to check the car condition at any time thousands of miles away, and they can set up navigation, play music and open the skylight "hands-free" during driving, and they can also focus on driving and driving smartly in complex road conditions.

　　In addition, the "Super Team" function for self-driving enthusiasts allows users to share and master teammate information in real time; Coupled with food maps, Alipay’s convenient payment of parking or refueling fees, and the infinite iteration of the system, the travel experience is more refined and calm.

　　As the second mass-produced model of MG MG’s "Perceptual Design", the brand-new MG 3 has a sporty star-leaping shield grille, London eye headlights that make the front of the car more slender, thunder taillights that flash across the night sky and 16-inch two-color aluminum alloy wheels, which fully meet the "eye edge" of young consumers with the beauty of fine products.

　　The brand-new MG 3 adopts SAIC’s "blue core" high-efficiency power technology, and inherits the handling characteristics of MG’s "high speed and stability, stable braking and stable cornering". At the same time, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is only 5.6 liters, which is easy to drive and use. In addition, the brand-new MG 3 has a wide body and a large space, and is equipped with leading configurations such as 8-inch high-definition touch screen, direct tire pressure monitoring, reversing image, reversing radar, and air conditioning system that can filter PM2.5, creating a boutique driving experience and adding points to the safety, health and comfort of car owners. (Xiao Ding)

Text | Intelligent Relativity (aixdlun), by | ihahe

Black holes have infinite gravity in astronomy, but they can also become the creators of new stars at the right time. The personality of creator and destroyer is interwoven through the personality of black hole, showing fascinating and diverse properties. But to make use of its creator characteristics, the premise is that it cannot be completely swallowed up by black holes.

Because of its complexity and high maintenance cost, the operating system has a similar effect to a black hole in nature. If it is done well, it can create a new format, and if it is not done well, it will be swallowed up and annihilated. On the road of operating system, especially twists and turns, most of them have been swallowed up and become a monument to guide the latecomers, one by one spectacular. Those who survived, standing on their bones, earned huge benefits while enjoying the obedience of the mountains. Stimulated by this, the latecomers climbed over the obstacles and took risks by pulling open the bones in front. At present, Huawei is undoubtedly the most vocal among them (this article only discusses the mobile operating system represented by the mobile operating system).

Whether Huawei HarmonyOS can be the one who survives or continue to be a monument to guide others, everyone is watching the play.

Huawei is also cooperating with acting. HarmonyOS system has been prepared for seven years since 2012, and it has adopted a bottom-up and inside-out technical attack mode. First, improve the details, and then output the product force from the complete product. On the surface, it is a systematic consideration, which is very effective. At present, HarmonyOS is still in a weak position, and it is necessary to have a killer weapon. However, greatly improving the efficiency through the compiler can completely pierce the heart of Android, which is one dimension higher than the way of simply making an operating system.

This is in a sense.Imitate the apple model,Provide perfect solutions at the operating system level, and reduce the burden on developers with the goal of high efficiency, thus expanding the team of developers.

At present, Huawei is building a developer group. According to the information provided by a development organization, Huawei began to send letters to recruit developers two years ago, expecting them to do development for Huawei.

Huawei has reason to prepare in advance. At present, its mobile phone sales exceed 200 million units, and among the top three mobile phone sales, Samsung has Tizen (although the quantity is small), Apple has iOS, but Huawei has no formed operating system.

Even if it follows Apple’s example of Samsung, Huawei has sufficient reasons and foundation to be an operating system. And in the ecosystem construction, follow the example of iOS. Of course, Huawei itself is a little worried. It began to promote HarmonyOS operating system after preheating its "ambition" through the compiler, so that users can accept it psychologically faster.

It can be said that Huawei would not be so high-profile if it were not for the ban of the US government.

After Huawei was banned by the US government, some overseas markets showed a wait-and-see attitude towards Huawei’s mobile phones. As a result, Huawei’s mobile phones have temporarily dropped significantly in Europe and Asia Pacific. The situation has changed dramatically at this moment. On June 7, Alphabet applied to the Trump administration to lift Huawei’s ban on Android for the same reason — — It’s about "national security".

Alphabet just wants to cover up the fact that HarmonyOS will have a great influence on Android through the pocket of "national security". Alphabet has obviously regarded HarmonyOS as the most difficult opponent of Android.

Alphabet believes that banning Huawei from using Android has triggered Huawei’s determination to be independent of Android, which will lead to the split of Android. Although Alphabet’s remarks are not credible, they are obviously urgent.

"Intelligent Relativity" ihahe thinks there are four reasons for thinking.

First of all,The introduction of some of Huawei’s mobile phones into HarmonyOS will reduce the market share of Android.In the current fierce competition situation, it is no different from the bottom of the pot.

Second,Alphabet is currently experiencing the most difficult period, and the growth rate of traffic advertising is weak.The market share of Android has declined, and Alphabet cannot bear it.

Third,One more opponent out of thin air will make Alphabet in danger of falling into the chronic disease effect.Alphabet will push a brand-new operating system Fuchsia, and now the backyard is on fire, which is not conducive to Alphabet’s vertical expansion of the operating system to survive the chronic disease effect.

Fourth,It may lead to a domino effect, which makes some mobile phone manufacturers turn to HarmonyOS.Form the upstream and downstream ecology of HarmonyOS. HarmonyOS will eat a fat piece of Android, and Alphabet is in such a hurry that HarmonyOS has become a nightmare for Alphabet.

At that time, HarmonyOS will attack head-on, and if iOS attacks again, the situation of Alphabet is not optimistic. Android retreats, HarmonyOS grabs food, and iOS sticks to it. There is basically no suspense in the top three operating systems.

To be an operating system, look at its threshold.

1, rich, pay attention to is very rich, can maintain the annual expenditure of $1 billion without affecting the company as a whole;

2. There is enough manpower input, and a stable development team with at least 5,000 people focuses on the operating system.

3. There should be enough hardware platforms to digest the operating system. That is to say, the market positioning should be done well to accommodate its growth.

4. It is necessary to achieve sales of more than 100 million copies per year, otherwise it will not form an ecology and there is no need to do it.

These points are just enough for Huawei. And its ideal state is to reach the level of Apple’s iOS.

Ren Zhengfei said that Apple is a teacher of Huawei, and iOS has become the goal pursued by HarmonyOS. However, Huawei does not simply and rudely accept all the orders, and Apple does not want to learn.

Apple’s iOS framework designs are linked with each other, and the data channels of mobile phones, tablets and computers are opened from the operating system level, and the data channels with cars will be opened in the future.

Its systematic design genes are not complicated on the surface, but contain super many detailed elements. For example, every time Apple’s iOS is upgraded, it even needs to modify hundreds of details. This is the most tedious and time-consuming investment.

Apple has been digging holes for potential competitors. This is like a small "conspiracy". When the latecomers catch up, they will be upgraded, so that the followers can’t keep up with the pace, and the barriers will be built.

As long as developers are willing, there can be endless improvements, and the improvement timeline can continue all the time. The development of operating system needs to maintain a huge R&D team to cope with the changes of market and technology at any time, but the surge in the number of developers may aggravate the chronic disease effect of operating system.

You need to pay attention to some details to make an operating system.

1, the technical strength is strong enough, strong enough to achieve technical output, and become a leader in this field.At present, almost all operating system development companies are basically technology leaders;

2. There are enough technicians to cope with all aspects of the operating system.From front-end to back-end, from kernel to shell, from various protocol stacks to various API designs, the operating system has become a digital mapping of the real physical society, and only a strong enough technical force can cope with it.

3, a keen sense of technical smell, keep up with the technical outlet or guide the technical outlet at any time.

4. Good technical framework design, which can continuously update iterations and balance a wide range of hardware platforms.

Few people can do this. For example, enough developers are enough for most investors to put a stop to it. It may take thousands of people to maintain and develop an operating system, and the code scale is close to 100 million lines.

If we have no idea about this, we can do an arithmetic. This 100 million lines of code plus other materials will take up about 20GB (much smaller after compilation), and now Android is about this size.

This can be handled, and the continuous large amount of unrewarded services will make it difficult for any company that pays attention to revenue to survive. At the same time, we also need to face a long-term thankless upgrade, and if it is not good, it will be swallowed up, and the operating system will face great risks.

We can also understand Huawei’s caution. After all, this is no joke, and it is possible to become famous or to be beyond redemption. The development of operating system is not a good option, or a bad option, unless it is absolutely necessary.

Therefore, it is impossible for companies with poor revenue and companies with insufficient scale to support the sustainable development of the operating system. At present, several mature operating systems, the parent company’s revenue is very good, do not expect to make money directly through the operating system, all by building a traffic fortress, using traffic to turn into profits.

Traffic contention has thus become the core task of the operating system, and even Alphabet has not been exempted. According to its financial report, Alphabet’s traffic fortress has provided half of its advertising revenue. To this end, it also paid Apple’s $9.5 billion traffic entrance fee in 2018, and this fee is still rising. It is reported that it will reach 12 billion US dollars in 2019.

Apple can enjoy it, and the $10 billion bomb command room. Apple now has about 1 billion active users, which brings about $30 billion in direct benefits to Apple every year. Please note that this is only the value that its users bring to Apple. Imagine that Apple can sell users as a whole again, and the black hole effect of the operating system is full.

No wonder in WWDC2019, the measure of logging in with random email address was particularly emphasized, and Apple also forced App developers to introduce this strategy. On the surface, it did protect users’ privacy, but basically Apple prevented its App from stealing its user bonus.

Technology and capital are the appearance of the existence of operating system; Ecosystem, traffic portal and user bonus are the essence of operating system.

Apple’s iOS has users, traffic and money. It consumes enough time and money, and it also gives birth to a new format of making money. Apple’s iOS is a perfect example of showing the black hole of the operating system.

Alphabet wants to learn it, but it is hard to say whether Huawei can learn its essence. In fact, we have overlooked a key point. Apple started from the operating system. Since the Lisa computer in 1983, Apple’s operating system has been completely one dimension higher than its contemporaries, and it still is. It is not difficult for Huawei to learn from Apple.

But why is it daunting to develop an operating system? Most developers died halfway?

I think there are two points: the black hole effect and the chronic disease effect mentioned earlier. The black hole effect devours money, and the chronic disease effect devours hope.

The operating system looks easy — — Open source can be used for reference; It is the hardest to do, and it is difficult to make money through the operating system. That is to say, on the road of making money, the operating system is only the first step, and it is the key to build various service architectures on the platform of the operating system. This is the cause of chronic disease effect.

Alphabet and Apple present two different ways to make money. Alphabet sells traffic to earn advertising fees, Apple sells mobile phones to earn money, and sells traffic to Alphabet. Apple is more stable and its business foundation is more solid. While the growth rate of Alphabet has slowed down, it remains to be seen what form HarmonyOS will take in the future.

On the whole,Alphabet is virtual as a whole, and the output of hardware platform is very low. Apple and Huawei have similar hardware platforms, which can theoretically support their introduction of the Apple model. However, the precautions against Apple in the market are already obvious. If another "Apple" appears, it is estimated that it will be jointly strangled by competitors, and developers may also have resistance.. Therefore, how Huawei can break through in the current mode is a test of its top-level software design ability.

In a similar market sentiment, let’s look at the examples that have failed. In their closed circles, Palm and Blackberry both have operating systems, but the design idea with local service and mail service as the core determines their defeat, and they have not kept pace with the times when the network is rapidly evolving.

They first fell into the black hole effect and were swallowed up by money, then fell into the chronic disease effect and were swallowed up by hope, and gradually disappeared with the elimination of products. Interestingly, QNX of Blackberry unexpectedly found living space on smart cars, accounting for about 75% of the total.

Symbian is also seriously ill. It used to have the largest market share, but its architecture design has fallen behind the times. In the face of Apple’s powerful attack, it has no clue to deal with it, leading to its collapse.

Symbian, Blackberry and Palm are not without strong user base or technical base. Similarly, they are supported by strong development groups, and there is a view that they are too slow to cope with market changes. In fact, it is the lack of flexibility in architecture design, which has been unable to cope with the changes in business environment. At the same time, "they are trapped in their own successful past", unable to develop, and swallowed up by chronic disease effects.

Operating system naturally has chronic disease characteristics, and update iteration is the root of chronic disease effect of operating system.

Weak organizational structure can also lead to a sharp deterioration of the disease.

In order to get rid of the chronic disease effect, Alphabet took the initiative to make several major updates to Android. In version 4.4, the ART(Android Runtime) mode is provided to improve efficiency. And the AOT (pre-compilation) mode is provided in Android version 5.x, which has tripled the speed of Android 5.x These key updates prevent Alphabet from falling into the chronic disease effect.

Besides,Vertical deep ploughing of the operating system can also effectively avoid the chronic disease effect.At present, Apple and Alphabet are betting on smart driving as a vertical expansion. Apple has smart driving — Titan plans that in order to strengthen Apple’s position in smart driving, Apple is still seeking to acquire Drive.ai；; Alphabet invested earlier in the field of intelligent driving, and its investment in Waymo was at the forefront of the field.

Huawei’s trend in smart driving is also worth noting.On May 27th, Huawei’s smart car BU was formally established. Considering the ambition of HarmonyOS system to get through the car data channel, it is not surprising that Huawei cut into the car intelligent system.

However, the three bet on smart driving at the same time. On the one hand, under the existing traffic model, the high-growth model is hard to find, and new methods of "outsourcing" are needed to break through; On the other hand, the training cost of the new profit Taurus is getting higher and higher, so we have to make plans early. The third is the traffic entrance of intelligent driving, which is too attractive for them to refuse.

Atrix in the field of mobile phones will repeat itself in the field of intelligent driving, only in a different competitive position, but the essence of the competition for data, traffic and user bonuses will remain the same as before. The difference is that in the new consumption battlefield, users’ consumption habits and consumption power may change, and their sensitivity to traffic and consumption behavior makes them run on the same track.

Alphabet once thought about closing Android and building its own ecosystem like iOS. Later, Alphabet gave up this principle. If you insist on learning iOS, it may fall into Apple’s pit. Huawei comes from hardware, and has invested in chips for a long time, and its infrastructure is complete. Learning from Apple has an advantage over Alphabet.

Some people have counted Huawei’s input and output. They predict that when Huawei’s sales revenue reaches $10 billion, it will cross the growth inflection point of J-curve, and the subsequent input will greatly improve Huawei’s output.This is also the case, and Huawei has crossed the J-shaped growth and realized the S-shaped curve growth model, which has been going on for more than ten years.

It stepped on the rhythm of technological development at the node of development and growth, and perfectly fitted the quadratic S curve.Before the last business reached the inflection point of growth decline, Huawei’s growth was completely like "beating" by changing positions to maintain rapid growth.

It is indeed "typed". R&D plays a key role. From 2006 to 2018, Huawei invested nearly $70 billion in research and development. At present, its annual research and development expenses exceed that of Apple.

Its R&D machine runs at a high speed, and its combat effectiveness is super strong. It has the basis of learning from Apple, and its organizational structure is also forward-looking.

As early as 20 years ago, Huawei made preparations for its management and organizational structure. It took nearly 20 years to bridge 15 consulting companies and improve its R&D organizational structure.

Ren Zhengfei said, "Learn from all advanced technologies". This is not only a slogan, but also a horn.

Since 1998, Huawei, which blew the horn, spent 400 million dollars and spent five years fully introducing IBM’s management structure and development-oriented organizational structure, thus breaking out with strong combat effectiveness and remarkable results.

"Intelligent Relativity" inquired that in 1998, Huawei had 8,000 employees, the number of which was about 4.4% now; Sales amounted to 9 billion RMB, about 1.25% of the current level. In contrast, Huawei’s efficiency is now 3.5 times that of that time. No wonder some people say that Huawei can achieve 160 million sales with 100 people, and its 100 people are only about one-third of Huawei’s productivity.

After feeling the strong productivity of the organizational structure, Huawei is full of energy in learning the organizational structure. After the product development system was designed by IBM, the human resources system was designed by Hay Group. The organizational structure is designed by Mercer; The financial system is designed by PricewaterhouseCoopers; The sales system is designed by Accenture; The supply chain system is designed by IBM. …

Huawei, which has not yet reached the peak, has stood at the highest point in spirit. The results are also quite remarkable.

In the end, IBM, once a teacher, learned Huawei’s development model in turn. Huawei started to export knowledge from knowledge input and exported it to its own teachers. This is very interesting.

IBM’s "support" for Huawei is crucial. This time ‘ Cut off the supply ’ Huawei is in no hurry. It adopts the supply chain system designed by IBM, and has long considered its business continuity in extreme cases, so it will not be directly shocked like ZTE.

It is impossible to find out whether the bureau set up twenty years ago was able to hit the nail on the head twenty years later, whether it was an unintentional blow or a deliberate pursuit of intentional action. But it is coincidence and necessity that this kind of precaution can be so accurate.

"The basketball that was thrown twenty years ago accurately hit the blue box twenty years later, which is both foresight and luck."

However, when Huawei introduced the external management structure, it was not smooth sailing and met with strong internal resistance. It is said that at that time, it was very tough and strongly promoted. If the management objected or did not support it, it was directly demoted or even fired. In the end, Huawei surpassed the category of an inanimate organization team and evolved into an evolving life, with high-speed growth and efficiency.

Looking at IBM twenty years later, it has fallen behind Huawei in efficiency and productivity. At present, IBM has 350,000 employees, nearly twice that of Huawei, and its annual sales have dropped to about 80 billion dollars, only 80% of Huawei’s. That is to say, IBM’s per capita creation is only about 40% of Huawei’s. IBM is still suffering from the pain of continuing to shrink, and its annual sales volume is still decreasing. Compared with Huawei’s triumphant progress, the annual sales volume plays a triumphant song. Is there a big contrast between the hatchbacks?

With the organizational structure and the preparation of developers, Huawei started the journey of operating system. But at first, it started with the details. Huawei has solved several major problems of Android:

1. The efficiency of long-term operation, from a moment to a lifetime, and promised not to get stuck for 18 months;

2. Full stack optimization to solve structural problems, rather than simple tinkering. To this end, Huawei invested 40% of EMUI’s manpower to optimize.

3. Optimize the management of fragmented files and improve the recycling method of fragmented files from the bottom. And introduced F2FS (Flash Optimized File System). Although this was developed by Samsung, Huawei carried it forward and successfully entered the Android native system in 2018.

If the above items have pierced the flesh and blood of Android, the compiler is completely rushing to the heart of Android.

In April 2019, with the release of P30, Huawei announced the Ark compiler. Even if the existing App does not change the code, recompiling once can improve the performance by 40%. This means that Huawei pays great attention to the understanding and optimization of hardware while doing the underlying software, which is the basis for doing a good job in the operating system.

Huawei also put forward the concept of full-stack optimization from hardware, chip, bottom software and application software, and with the help of artificial intelligence, it analyzes the application side intelligence and judges the resource demand characteristics of the application (calculation-intensive, RAM-intensive, IO-intensive, etc.), and breaks them down one by one in a targeted manner; On the hardware resource side, the status of CPU, memory, IO(Input/Output), storage and other resources is perceived, and idle resources are sorted and recycled in time and reasonably through AI algorithm, thus solving the problems of hardware resource coordination and excessive expansion of APP space.

In addition, in terms of external collaboration, we have established an Android Green Alliance with more than 1,000 partners, optimized more than 200,000 apps, and built development standards. In the ecosystem, we need efficiency from algorithms, exchange efficiency for speed, and exchange speed for user experience.

Huawei completely grasped the seven inches of the operating system and also grasped the pain points of users. On the one hand, it is a strong technical output, and on the other hand, it is a strong demand. Through the operating system, Huawei has completed the port docking.

Huawei has completely become the "big brother". The operating system has come naturally … …

When Huawei was founded, it was in the midst of Ren Zhengfei’s internal and external troubles, which determined Huawei’s unique temperament as a company. So that in the Sino-US trade war, when Huawei was treated specially, there were actually countermeasures. This makes two kinds of voices in the market have no market: one is to fight back with high-profile and not admit defeat, and the other is to quickly admit that it will not suffer, but no matter which voice, it quietly exits after the launch of Huawei’s plan. According to its own business logic, Huawei has already made a layout, so it is still calm in the face of life and death, and all the cards in its hands are played out.

Everyone knows these things. First of all, Huawei turned the spare tire plan into a positive one, including chips, which can replace the United States to cut off supply and ensure business continuity; Secondly, it launched a more radical operating system plan and registered its trademark at the end of May. This actually shows that Huawei would not have turned the spare tire plan into a regular one so early if it was not the current accident. It still needs time to strengthen its bones and muscles in order to win with one blow. It also shows that the operating system can’t succeed on a whim, and there are endless examples of dying on the beach.

Opening the history of the operating system is a history of blood and tears.The IT companies we are familiar with have basically done operating systems (this paper mainly refers to consumer operating systems, and business operating systems such as Tencent and Alibaba). Before that, China Unicom, China Mobile and ZTE have all tried, and then Tencent and Alibaba have basically tasted it. Baidu duerOS’s business scope focuses on the AI market segment, while AliOS has shifted its position and wants to lay a world in the IoT field. But they are all frustrated in the field of mobile phone operating system. Huawei goes against the trend, and many people admire it. I want to see more plays.

Huawei’s approach has two effects, one is to set an example for domestic technology companies, and the other is to expose Huawei’s ambition — — That is, to become the head company of a world-class company.At present, there are not many companies ahead of it. According to its plan, if it can develop smoothly according to the second curve model, within five years, Huawei will become the largest technology company in the world, thus making history.

However, the ideal route of Huawei’s development was pressed the pause button. From enterprise-level products to consumer-level products, with the complete supply of chips, services and software, Huawei’s development speed has been seriously slowed down.

What is seriously lowered is the confidence of partners in whether Huawei can continue to move forward. After Huawei was restricted, some of Huawei’s partners began to offline their mobile phone sales, and some contracts began to swing, which increased the uncertainty of Huawei’s 5G base station contract.

At present, in Huawei’s growth sequence, the growth rate of consumer business is the first, and the base station business that has been silent for a period of time has also begun to break out with 5 G. The United States has suppressed Huawei’s development momentum, which is equivalent to giving Huawei a death sentence, and the US government is waiting for the result.

But the result is a bit surprising. Huawei is hard in the market and technically dead. Where does its confidence come from? Knowing that the operating system is a black hole, you dare to move forward bravely.

In Huawei’s strategic arsenal, there are also rich private collections. For example, Huawei, which turned the spare tire plan into a positive overnight and was banned at the same time, did not lose its development momentum as some people expected, and its 5G base station delivery continued to rise.

Of course, Huawei’s key competitiveness is not its arsenal inventory, but more than 100,000 employees including 70,000 developers. Stimulated by Huawei’s wolf culture, Huawei has such a strong fighting capacity that it can rebound strongly when it receives a ban.

Huawei’s strength lies in its execution. After so many years in the market, its sensitive reaction to the market has become a genetic memory.

Over the years, Huawei has also recognized many teachers. Before I recognized Apple as a teacher, I also recognized Nortel as a teacher and Ericsson as a teacher. This is rooted in Huawei’s follow-up strategy. Once there is no object to follow in front, the strategy may be easy to miss.

Ren Zhengfei said that China people are good at engineering innovation, not theoretical innovation.

Comparing Huawei and Qualcomm, it hit the nail on the head. Qualcomm maintains high profits by using patent sticks with lawyers exceeding the number of engineers, while Huawei makes money by materializing patents. The distinction between the upper and lower levels is self-evident.

This can be seen when Huawei expands overseas markets. Other companies grab patents, Huawei grabs talents, and other companies put their energy into the field of making money now. Huawei looks further.

Huawei can no longer just position itself as a follower. Today, it is a giant.

Once, Huawei’s bet on GSM led to "Huawei’s winter", and there was a fierce argument about whether to make a mobile phone. Once unable to survive in China, he was forced to leave overseas, and once again returned to the highlight moment because of 3G and 4G.

It almost won the opponent and lost to the times, and it almost fell on the road of charging. It defeated Nortel and Ericsson, and it swept its opponents with low prices and recruited talents with high salaries.

It has the forbearance of China people and learns from the western way of doing things; There are the wisdom of China people and the directness of foreigners; There is a hot fighting power and a warmth that allows people.

It has exploded the negative side of the wolf culture, and there are more victories in opening up the territory. It is technical and engineering, China’s and the world’s.

At present, in the 5G roll-out, the world opens a new chapter. As an infrastructure, 5G will bring about drastic changes, while China’s connected devices will be extended from mobile phones to automobiles and industries, and the data and access will be improved by orders of magnitude.

Standing in the center of the 5G stage, Huawei no longer needs other people to dance.

[Introduction of titanium media author:Intelligent Relativity (WeChat id:aixdlun): Dig deep into the well of artificial intelligence, judge the saltiness, tell the black and white, and tell the depth. Focus on areas: AI+ medical care, robotics, intelligent driving, AI+ hardware, Internet of Things, AI+ finance, AI+ security, AR/VR, developers, chips, algorithms and human-computer interaction behind them. Without authorization, no one may use this document in any way, including reprinting, extracting, copying or creating a mirror image. 】

Guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission

Opinions of Guangdong Food and Drug Administration on Further Strengthening the Safety Supervision of Basic Medical Insurance Fund

Cantonese Social Regulation [2018] No.1

In recent years, the national basic medical insurance (hereinafter referred to as medical insurance) system has been continuously improved, and the level of financing and security has been steadily improved. At the same time, with the increasing number of participants, fraudulent insurance practices have occurred from time to time, and the means are more complicated and hidden, which has seriously violated the security of medical insurance funds, hindered the sustainable development of medical insurance system and damaged social integrity. In order to strengthen the supervision of medical insurance funds and crack down on illegal and criminal acts of fraudulent insurance, according to the Social Insurance Law, the Regulations on the Supervision of Social Insurance Funds in Guangdong Province and other laws and regulations, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we hereby put forward the following opinions on further strengthening the safety supervision of medical insurance funds in the province:

First, standardize service behavior and strengthen supervision of all participants.

(A) to strengthen the supervision of medical institutions.. Provincial social insurance agencies should formulate model service agreements for medical institutions and strengthen guidance on the management of service agreements for medical institutions in the province. Local social insurance agencies should strengthen the negotiation of agreements with medical institutions and refine the contents of the agreements. Conditional areas can improve the agreements according to the types of medical institutions and implement classified management. Make full use of the audit results of the medical insurance intelligent audit monitoring system, strengthen the inspection and supervision of the implementation of the agreement of medical institutions, and link the inspection and supervision with the integrity file, annual deposit return, year-end expense settlement, total amount distribution in the following year, hierarchical management and agreement renewal. For medical institutions that violate the agreement, they should take measures such as interviews, rectification within a time limit, suspension of disbursement, refusal to pay fees, suspension of the agreement, and termination of the agreement in accordance with relevant regulations and agreements, and recover the illegal medical insurance expenses that have been paid. The human resources and social security department should reduce the total performance pay of public medical institutions with fraudulent insurance practices. Medical institutions, pharmaceutical trading units and other social insurance service institutions defraud social insurance fund expenditures by fraud, forgery of certification materials or other means, and the social insurance administrative department shall order them to return the defrauded social insurance money and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than five times the amount defrauded. Medical institutions and pharmaceutical business units that have signed service agreements with social insurance agencies shall be held accountable by social insurance agencies in accordance with the agreement. If the circumstances are serious, the service agreements signed with them shall be terminated in accordance with relevant regulations. The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel with professional qualifications,The administrative department of social insurance may suggest that the relevant competent department that granted its practice qualification revoke its practice qualification according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(B) to strengthen the supervision of medical services..Establish a medical insurance physician management system, and stipulate the responsibilities and obligations of medical insurance physicians in the service agreement of medical institutions. Establish the integrity files of medical insurance doctors, encourage medical institutions to establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of medical insurance doctors’ management, and link the medical insurance doctors’ compliance with medical insurance regulations with their job title evaluation and incentive performance pay, and the evaluation results of medical insurance doctors are linked with the assessment of medical institutions and the payment and settlement of medical expenses. For medical insurance physicians who violate social insurance regulations or agreements, the relevant departments shall, according to the circumstances, nature and agreement, give admonishing talks, interviews, rectification within a time limit, refuse to pay for the medical services they provide, and announce the record of dishonesty to the public. Medical insurance doctors who have been punished for violating the regulations on the management of medical insurance funds shall not declare professional title evaluation during the punishment period. When a medical insurance doctor takes advantage of his position to ask for or illegally accept patients’ property or seek other illegitimate interests in his practice, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall give him a warning or order him to suspend his practice for more than six months and less than one year; If the circumstances are serious, his practice certificate shall be revoked; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(three) to strengthen the supervision of retail pharmacies.. Provincial social insurance agencies should formulate a model service agreement for retail pharmacies and strengthen guidance on the management of service agreements for retail pharmacies in the province. Food and drug supervision departments and social insurance agencies should focus on checking the purchase and sale of drugs, the compliance of medical insurance drug sales, and whether there are behaviors such as purchasing drugs from illegal channels, selling drugs in violation of the regulations on the classification of prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs, selling drugs beyond the scope, falsely selling drugs, and swapping drugs, and whether there are problems such as using medical insurance personal accounts to sell daily necessities and food. For retail pharmacies that violate the medical insurance fund in violation of the agreement, the social insurance agency shall handle it according to the relevant regulations and the agreement. If the circumstances are serious, the agreement shall be terminated according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. Pharmaceutical trading enterprises must have true and complete purchase and sale records, and the purchase and sale records must indicate the generic name, dosage form, specification, batch number, expiration date, manufacturer, unit of purchase (sales), quantity of purchase (sales), purchase and sale price, date of purchase (sales) and other contents stipulated by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. For pharmaceutical trading enterprises that violate the above provisions, the pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative departments at or above the county level shall order them to make corrections and give them a warning; If the circumstances are serious, the Drug Business License shall be revoked by the original issuing and approving department.

(four) to strengthen the sense of responsibility of individual card for medical treatment.All localities should strengthen the publicity of the rights and obligations of individuals to participate in medical insurance according to law, and guide the insured to standardize medical treatment and abide by the law.

Second, optimize big data applications and promote real-time monitoring throughout the process.

(5) Strengthen the application of intelligent medical insurance audit monitoring system.Establish and improve the medical insurance intelligent audit monitoring system, monitor the whole process of medical service in real time, analyze the medical service behavior and medical expenses in multiple dimensions, establish a dynamic early warning index system and an event handling business system, support the discovery, recording, analysis and handling of abnormal behaviors, and realize the prompt in advance, monitoring and early warning in the process and tracing the responsibility afterwards. Focus on strengthening the monitoring of medical services such as chronic diseases, serious illnesses and hospitalization. Provincial social insurance agencies take the lead in formulating the intelligent audit rules and results processing procedures for medical insurance in the province. The social insurance agency can directly deal with the violations found and clearly defined by the monitoring system through the monitoring system. Promote technologies such as face recognition, and promote social insurance agencies, agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies to log in to the system through face recognition.

(6) Give play to the big data monitoring function.Strengthen the big data analysis and judgment of medical insurance expenses, and monitor the whole process of outpatient, hospitalization and pharmacy purchase of contracted medical institutions and retail pharmacies, medical insurance doctors and insured persons. Strengthen the electronic information supervision of medical insurance drug consumables, connect the purchase and sale storage systems of medical institutions and retail pharmacies, increase the bill inquiry function, and realize the authenticity identification function of sporadic reimbursement invoices. Strengthen the supervision and application of big data, and strengthen the supervision of the implementation of various regulatory systems such as the budget of medical insurance funds and the implementation of medical service agreements, and the internal control management of agencies. Strengthen the security control of social security cards, standardize the transaction settlement process, and monitor the use of social security cards in agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies and their fund transactions online in real time to prevent fund transaction risks.

Three, clear departmental responsibilities, strengthen joint supervision.

(seven) the implementation of social insurance agencies internal control audit responsibilities..Provincial social insurance agencies conduct guidance and spot checks on the development of medical insurance business of subordinate agencies every year. Social insurance agencies around the country should strictly implement the medical insurance handling system, strengthen the authority management of information systems, ensure that the whole process of business handling leaves traces, implement the double audit system for high-risk business sites and monitor the whole process. Intensify the audit of the implementation of service agreements and medical insurance fees by agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies, and timely organize and verify the doubts found in online monitoring and report complaints. Establish and improve the verification mechanism of medical institutions and the return visit mechanism of insured persons, and implement the daily on-site verification of auditors. Strengthen the standardized management and clean government education of social insurance handling staff. Strictly implement the "Social Insurance Law", "Social Insurance Staff Disciplinary Provisions" and the provisions on the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, implement the post responsibility system and accountability system, and implement regular rotation of key posts. If the masses report that the handling staff violates the social insurance regulations, they should carefully organize the verification and deal with it according to law. Social insurance agencies and their staff fail to perform their statutory duties of social insurance, fail to deposit social insurance funds into financial accounts, deduct or refuse to pay social insurance benefits on time, lose or tamper with payment records, enjoy social insurance benefits records and other social insurance data and personal rights records, and violate other social insurance laws and regulations, the social insurance administrative department shall order them to make corrections; If losses are caused to social insurance funds, employers or individuals, they shall be liable for compensation according to law;The directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

(8) StrengtheningResponsibilities of fund supervision of human resources and social security department.Human resources and social security departments should establish and improve the coordination mechanism of fund supervision, labor security supervision, comprehensive law enforcement and handling audit. Establish a receipt for reporting complaints and a system for identifying unreasonable medical expenses for medical insurance, standardize the procedures for filing and investigating, and increase the inspection of contracted medical institutions and retail pharmacies in combination with the distribution characteristics of cases of defrauding medical insurance funds, fully implement the "double random and one open" supervision, randomly select inspection objects, randomly select law enforcement inspectors, and disclose the inspection results to the public in a timely manner. Establish and improve the internal audit system of medical insurance fund, carry out the third-party audit of medical insurance fund, and timely rectify the problems found in the audit. The Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security took the lead in focusing on the risk points and outstanding problems of the medical insurance fund, and carried out special inspections on the safety of the medical insurance fund from time to time, and supervised major and complex cases.

(9) Implementing the supervisory duties of relevant departments.The financial department should do a good job in the budget and final accounts of the medical insurance fund, conduct separate accounting for the financial accounts of the medical insurance fund, supervise the income and expenditure and management of the medical insurance fund, and strengthen the supervision and inspection of the financial departments at lower levels in implementing the financial accounting system of the social insurance fund. Health and family planning departments should strengthen the supervision of the behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff, comprehensively promote the scoring system of bad practice behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff, and establish records of bad practice behaviors of medical institutions and medical staff in violation of laws and regulations; Guide medical and health institutions to carry out clinical pathway management in an all-round way, standardize the first page management of medical records, realize the unification of disease diagnosis, surgery and operation classification coding and medical service operation coding throughout the province, and scientifically control the unreasonable increase of medical expenses. Food and drug supervision departments should strengthen the supervision of pharmacies and retail pharmacies in medical institutions, focusing on the supervision and inspection of compliance with the provisions on the preservation of drug purchase and sale records and vouchers. Relevant departments should report to the public security organs and provide clues in time when they find suspected medical insurance fraud. After receiving the report, the public security organ shall promptly carry out verification, and those suspected of committing crimes shall be put on file for investigation.

(10) Strengthen departmental coordination and linkage.. Provincial and local human resources and social security, public security, finance, health and family planning, food and drug supervision and other departments should establish a joint meeting system between medical insurance fund safety supervision departments, improve the communication and coordination mechanism, carry out joint supervision and inspection, and coordinate and solve major problems in medical insurance fund safety supervision in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen departmental information sharing and realize the sharing and intercommunication of information such as medical insurance, medical services, drug and consumables circulation as soon as possible. The departments of human resources and social security, health and family planning, and food and drug supervision, in particular, should establish an information exchange mechanism with public security organs to provide support for grasping evidence and identifying criminal facts. The human resources and social security departments and public security organs should further improve the channels for investigating and transferring medical insurance fraud cases, and strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. In violation of the agreement or laws and regulations to defraud the medical insurance fund, the human resources and social security department of the place where the act occurred shall make administrative punishment and administrative decision according to law; The human resources and social security department shall promptly notify in writing and hand it over to the relevant departments for disposal, and the relevant departments shall promptly handle and feedback the results.

Fourth, improve the credit system and strengthen social supervision.

(eleven) to broaden the channels of social supervision.Innovate the way of social supervision, smooth the channels for reporting complaints, establish and improve the reward system for reporting, and mobilize all social forces to participate in medical insurance supervision by establishing a medical insurance supervision expert database, organizing expert evaluation, and hiring social supervisors. Give full play to the role of the social insurance supervision committee, and organize the members of the supervision committee to participate in the special inspection of the medical insurance fund. Strengthen information disclosure, and gradually disclose the evaluation results and integrity files of agreed medical institutions and retail pharmacies. Rank the medical expenses of the agreed medical institutions and publish the ranking results regularly. Guide and standardize industry self-discipline, encourage the formation of medical insurance agreement institutions industry associations, promote the improvement of industry management norms and guidelines, support industry associations to carry out industry appraisal and urge rectification.

(twelve) the establishment of medical insurance credit system.. The establishment of the province’s intercommunication agreement medical institutions and retail pharmacies integrity file system, and gradually will agreement medical institutions and retail pharmacies, medical insurance doctors, insured units and individuals dishonesty recorded in the credit file, the serious dishonesty of units and individuals to implement key monitoring, according to the law to the public and notify the relevant departments. Local social insurance agencies should establish a credit file tracking mechanism, and set different monitoring periods according to the degree of risk for different violators. Among them, the monitoring period of agreed medical institutions, retail pharmacies and medical insurance doctors is not less than 12 months, and the monitoring period of insured units and individuals is not less than 6 months. If the monitoring period expires and there is no bad record during the period, it will be removed from the key monitoring scope.

V. Strengthen operation management and risk control, and lay a solid foundation for supervision.

(thirteen) to strengthen the management of medical insurance fund balance.Further expand the coverage of medical insurance, increase the collection of medical insurance coverage, do a good job in the verification of payment base and daily audit, and ensure that all insurance should be guaranteed and all receivables should be collected. The standard of medical insurance treatment should be adapted to the level of financing and local economic development. Under the premise of ensuring the balance of income and expenditure of medical insurance fund, the deductible line, capping line and payment ratio of medical insurance reimbursement should be set reasonably. The bank’s preferential interest rate policy will be implemented. Under the premise of ensuring safety, the balance of the medical insurance fund will be maintained and increased by taking time deposits, purchasing government bonds or conducting investment operations in accordance with state regulations.

(fourteen) to carry out actuarial management of the fund budget..Scientific preparation and strict implementation of the medical insurance fund revenue and expenditure budget, in principle, should not prepare the deficit budget of the current year, and should not prepare the accumulated balance deficit budget of the fund over the years. When compiling the budget, it is really necessary to use the accumulated balance over the years to make up for the expenditure of the current year, which shall conform to the provisions of the financial system of social insurance funds and be reported to the people’s government at the same level for examination and approval. Combined with budget management, improve the control measures of total medical insurance and promote the reform of medical insurance payment system. Local human resources, social security and financial departments should carry out long-term actuarial calculations of medical insurance funds, complete the actuarial calculations of the previous year before the end of June each year and report them to the human resources, social security and financial departments at the next higher level respectively, and improve relevant policies in a timely manner according to the reference actuarial results to ensure the actuarial balance of the funds.

(fifteen) to strengthen the fund risk early warning and risk point supervision.Carry out the safety assessment of medical insurance funds in the whole province, strengthen the identification, judgment, early warning and handling of medical insurance fund risks, improve the operational analysis, risk judgment and early warning response mechanism of medical insurance funds, scientifically set warning lines of various risk levels, implement risk grading monitoring and early warning, and immediately start the risk early warning response mechanism once risks are discovered. Comprehensively sort out the risk points of medical insurance fund operation, and strengthen risk prevention and control of social insurance agencies’ medical insurance treatment conditions review and payment, medical insurance fund settlement and other businesses. We will focus on the verification of illegal acts such as over-treatment of medical institutions, fictitious medical services, illegal cashing of retail pharmacies, swapping non-medical supplies, and fictitious labor relations of insured persons.

Sixth, strengthen organization and implementation

(sixteen) the implementation of territorial responsibility.. People’s governments of counties (cities, districts) at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of medical insurance fund supervision, enrich the fund supervision power, and implement the responsibility of safety leadership, security, management and supervision of medical insurance fund. It is necessary to establish and improve the supervision and management system of medical insurance funds, and establish a work task ledger every year to ensure that all work is implemented. The relevant departments of the province should strengthen supervision and establish a sound accountability system. For cities where dereliction of duty and poor supervision have led to many illegal cases of fraudulent insurance or major cases of fraudulent insurance, the leaders of the provincial government or the responsible comrades of the higher authorities will interview the main responsible comrades of the governments or departments of the relevant cities and inform the province of the relevant situation. The safety supervision of medical insurance fund should be an important part of deepening the examination of medical reform.

(seventeen) to carry out publicity and education.Strengthen the publicity of medical insurance fund safety, focus on the publicity of typical cases, medical insurance laws and policies, and social insurance handling services, guide all relevant institutions and individuals to take a warning, take the initiative to participate in fund supervision, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to, care for and support the safety of medical insurance funds.

This opinion will be implemented as of May 1, 2018 and is valid for 5 years.

Guangdong provincial department of human resources and social security Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department

Guangdong Provincial Finance Department　　 Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission

Guangdong Food and Drug Administration

March 16, 2018

Attachment:Opinions on further strengthening the safety supervision of basic medical insurance funds (Guangdong People’s Social Regulation [2018] No.1)