“… … On April 6, 2017, it was planted in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, returning to the embrace of nature, and the spirit will last forever! " Under the watch of more than 20 relatives and friends, Mr. Wang’s ashes were dumped into three 2-meter-deep holes by his family, and then filled with flowers and covered with soil. Relatives and friends mourned and prayed silently, and the whole funeral lasted less than half an hour. No monuments, no signs, no wreaths and incense, no painful background music, instead, surrounded by green trees, green grass, a quiet, occasionally heard a few birds singing.

　　This is a common scene in Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park in dharma drum mountain, New Taipei City.

　　Funeral is the last thing in life. In the past, people pursued grand funerals and luxurious cemeteries, thinking that this was the respect for the deceased. In recent years, Taiwan Province has challenged the custom, changed its concept, and vigorously promoted the environmental protection and natural burial such as tree burial, flower burial and sea burial, making it a common practice to return to nature.

　　Challenge the traditional funeral customs

　　Replace luxury with frugality

　　When you visit Taiwan Province, you can often see a cemetery dubbed "nightclub". Taiwan Province is a small place with a dense population. There were no special regulations in its early years. People usually chose burial, which led to chaotic tombs and even occupied fertile forests. In 1985, Taiwan Province established a long-term funeral policy focusing on cremation. Although cremation is not compulsory, the cremation rate is still increasing year by year under the policy propaganda. According to the figures of the Ministry of the Interior, in 1993, the cremation rate in Taiwan accounted for 45.87% of the dead population that year; By the end of 2015, this figure had reached 95.65%.

　　As far as customs are concerned, thick burial is as popular in Taiwan Province as in mainland China. The funeral ceremony is extravagant and extravagant, and death becomes a high consumption. An ordinary funeral costs about NT$ 200,000 (hereinafter all NT$), and some even cost millions. The funeral industry has also become a profiteering industry. "At that time, urns costing less than 2,000 yuan may cost 50,000 or 100,000 yuan." Zhang Guoxiong, Commissioner of Jinshan Environmental Protection Life Park, recalled.

　　In the 1990s, in order to change social customs, the competent authorities in Taiwan Province vigorously promoted the "plan to improve funeral facilities and funerals". On the one hand, they subsidized the construction of parks, bone-collecting towers, funeral parlours, crematoriums and other facilities in various places, and advocated that ashes should enter the tower, that is, the urn after cremation should be stored in the spirit bone tower; On the other hand, advocating frugality for funeral.

　　In July, 1994, dharma drum mountain Cultural and Educational Foundation, a Buddhist group in Taiwan, and Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior" jointly organized a symposium on reflection and improvement of funeral ceremonies in Taiwan Province, and put forward ways to improve various unreasonable social phenomena. According to this idea, in August and December of that year, dharma drum mountain and the Taipei Municipal Government held two joint libations respectively. Zhang Guoxiong said, "The two joint libations can be said to be the first in Taiwan Province."

　　Shi Shuli, deputy director of the funeral management office in Taipei, said that the joint libation ceremony was generally composed of 10 deceased people and held a joint farewell ceremony. First, they held their own family sacrifices, and then government officials, representatives of public opinion or non-governmental organizations offered public sacrifices for the dead. The whole ceremony was solemn and grand. After the public sacrifice, we will have separate funerals. In order to encourage people to participate in the joint libation, the government raises funds through fundraising and other means to provide people with free services as much as possible. Not only is there no charge for the farewell ceremony, but also the freezing, makeup and cremation of the remains are free. Family members only need to bear the cost of memorial tablet, shroud, coffin and so on.

　　Mr. Chen’s father died five years ago. At that time, he consulted the funeral service, and the lowest price was more than 100,000 yuan. Someone recommended a joint drink offering to him, and finally finished the ceremony with less than 30,000 yuan. Mr. Chen said, "If we don’t pay attention to the gorgeous auditorium layout like our family and have no money, we can consider this way." He believes that "after all, manners and customs are only for the living, and they are of no help to the dead."

　　Nowadays, all counties and cities in Taiwan are promoting joint libation, which has gradually become the norm. Taipei has increased from once a month to more than a dozen times a month. According to the figures released by the Taipei Funeral Management Office, in 2016, 1,324 people chose to jointly offer sacrifices. However, limited by people’s feelings, the joint libation in nanbu county City, Taiwan Province is still dominated by poor families.

　　Celebrity demonstration drives the trend

　　From entering the tower to entering the sea and burying.

　　At present, people in Taiwan Province have generally accepted the concept of ashes entering the tower. There are spiritual bone pagodas in cemeteries and some temples all over Taiwan Province, and there are also private land purchases to build family spiritual bone pagodas.

　　Four years ago, Ms. Wang’s mother died. After careful selection, she placed her mother’s ashes in the Linggu Tower of Huguo Temple in Taipei. She was pleased to say that the traffic here is convenient, it is easy to pay homage, it costs more than 90 thousand yuan, and the price is acceptable. "Such a tower is hard to find now." Some people rationally realize that entering the tower is not a long-term solution. Zhang Guoxiong said, "Your descendants remember you, but after three generations and 50 years, no one may remember you. Who will you leave it to after 100 years?"

　　In 2002, Taiwan Province authorities began to promote environmental protection natural burial, including tree burial, flower burial and sea burial. In addition to conceptual propaganda, the government subsidizes the construction of funeral facilities and encourages the construction of environmental protection parks. At present, there are 29 tree burial parks and 2 planting parks in Taiwan Province. The environment of tree burial and flower burial parks is very beautiful. The tree burial area of Yong ‘aiyuan in Fude Cemetery in Taipei is green with pine and cypress and lush green grass. In the flower burial area of Zhenshan Garden in Yangming Mountain, trees such as cherry blossoms, tassels and Podocarpus are planted, as well as shrubs such as rhododendron, camellia and osmanthus, which are like a big garden. Tree burial and flower burial must be located in the cemetery, and the planting park is located in the ordinary forest park.

　　However, it will take a long time for people to accept the ashes if they are scattered in the sea or in the soil, without erecting a monument or leaving a name. Taiwan Province’s experience is that celebrities demonstrate and drive the trend. In 2001, the "Ministry of Interior" held the first signing activity of a letter of intent to purify funeral rites and customs at a seminar on funeral reform, hoping that the social elite would take the lead, transcend the taboo of death and bravely say what they wanted.

　　In 2004, Dr. Li, the father of the famous director Ang Lee, died of illness. After the farewell ceremony, Ang Lee went to sea and held a sea burial according to his father’s wishes. Ang Lee told everyone that his father told us before his death to scatter the ashes in the sea, so as to fulfill his wish to look at his hometown in mainland China and protect Tainan. He said: "The sea is beautiful, the water is clear, and all this is beautiful. My father walked very clean, and I stopped crying. " In 2005, Manfei Lo, a dancer from Taiwan Province, passed away. Before her death, she also publicly stated that she would finish the funeral in the simplest and cleanest way. Finally, her body was cremated and scattered under the pine tree next to her father’s grave.

　　Around 2007, many environmental protection natural burial areas were built in various parts of Taiwan Province. In 2007, dharma drum mountain donated a hillside of more than 400 ping to the government of Taipei County (now New Taipei City) to set up Jinshan Environmental Life Park for the planting of ashes — — Tree burial is located in the cemetery, and planting is scattered into the forest garden. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that the first person to plant in the Life Park was the old man Dong Chu, the master of Master Sheng Yan, the founder of dharma drum mountain.

　　In February 2009, Master Sheng Yan passed away. He left a will: "No obituaries, no tombs, no towers, no monuments, no statues … …” According to his last wish, the ashes were also planted in Jinshan Park. At that time, 30,000 believers from all walks of life went up the mountain to watch the ceremony, and many of them were chartered from the south-central region. The major media widely reported that "at that time, the concept of planting was widely spread and gained more recognition." Zhang Guoxiong said, "The planting is simple, clean and economical, which is not only recognized by dharma drum mountain disciples and citizens of New Taipei, but also chosen by foreigners, Christians and even Muslims to plant in this grassland." Jinshan environmental protection life park was once so tight that it needed to be registered six months in advance, and New Taipei City built another planting park for this purpose.

　　My funeral is my call.

　　Let life return to the natural land

　　At the same time, the local government in Taiwan Province has also introduced many encouraging policies for environmental protection and natural burial. Most environmental natural burials are free, and some areas will charge a small amount of fees ranging from 2,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan. Not only that, Shi Shuli said that if Taipei residents move out of the Guling Tower and re-elect for environmental protection and natural burial, they will get economic rewards. For example, moving into Fude Cemetery for tree burial will reward 10,000 yuan; If you move into Yangmingshan Flower Burial Park, you will be rewarded with 20,000 yuan. Last year, nearly 60 people who had entered the tower were changed to environmental burial.

　　More and more people choose environmental protection and natural burial. At first, there was one sea burial jointly organized by Taipei, New Taipei and Taoyuan, which increased to four in 2013 and nine in 2016. According to the statistics of Taiwan’s "Ministry of the Interior", the number of people who chose environmental protection natural burial increased from 225 in 2004 to 9,136 in 2015, accounting for 5.58% of the dead population in that year.

　　The experience of tree burial is getting richer and richer. Zhang Guoxiong introduced that at first, the ashes were put in soluble corn cans. Later, it was found that even the corn cans did not melt for three years, so it was changed to cotton paper bags. It was also found that although the cotton paper bags could melt for half a year, the ashes were caked and difficult to integrate into the soil. Therefore, Jinshan Environmental Life Park is currently directly scattering ashes into the soil.

　　However, after all, this is a battle of ideas. Compared with the extravagance of funeral that only touches the custom level, the funeral way challenges people’s cognition of death. Relatively speaking, the metropolitan area is highly accepted, such as Taipei. According to Shi Shuli, in 2016, people who chose environmental protection and natural burial accounted for nearly 16% of the deaths in that year. The south and the countryside are not so mature.

　　Even if the deceased agrees with tree burial and flower burial, the family may not accept it. Is it disrespectful to relatives because there is no tombstone, no meeting and no tribute? A netizen named Chris admitted that Dad had mentioned that he wanted to be buried in a tree, but neither he nor his mother were sure. Finally, he threw a cup in front of the coffin, denied the tree burial, or chose to let Dad enter the spirit bone tower. In order to avoid this situation, the relevant departments in Taiwan Province specially amended the law in 2002, allowing the environmental protection natural burial in the form of a will or a letter of will, and the family members should respect the choice of the deceased. In fact, the choice of environmental protection natural burial is conducive to environmental sustainability, that is, to make the deceased get the best arrangement. As Master Sheng Yan said, "The process of life, like flowers blooming and falling, is a natural change. When we choose to return to the natural land in the last stage of life, it is to make life complete and extend indefinitely. "

Nolan’s new film, Tenet, is now officially released in China. Like Inception and Interstellar before him, Tenet is also a brain-burning blockbuster, and has played a new role in the concept of time.

　

The film tells that the word "tenet" is the only clue and weapon when the world is in danger. The protagonist travels around the world, carrying out secret service activities, trying to reveal the mystery of "creed" and complete a mysterious task that transcends real time.

This task is not a time journey, but a reversal of time and space.

　

The film was written and directed by Christopher Nolan, and was shot with IMAX and 70mm film camera. emma thomas and Nolan were filmmakers, Thomas haislip was executive producer, and John David Washington, Robert Pattinson, elizabeth debicki, Kenneth Blana and michael caine starred in it.In order to ensure the film effect, the crew traveled to seven countries to shoot.

　

Nolan’s behind-the-scenes team members include photography director kristof van hout, art director Nathan Crowley and editor Jennifer Lame. The original music of the film was created by Ludwig Granson.

1.The total amount of film is about 1.6 million feet

Reconstruct IMAX electronic components, and shoot at the same time.

More than ten years ago, Christopher Nolan was the first person to shoot large movies with IMAX camera, and now he continues to use large-format cameras to break new ground. Nolan and photography director kristof van hout used IMAX cameras to shoot most scenes in Tenet, surpassing all previous works.

　

Hotema thinks this is beyond the reach of others. "We shot about 1.6 million feet of IMAX film, which obviously broke our own record. I can’t say for sure, but I will be surprised if there are other films made more. "

　

In addition to the creative use of IMAX cameras, the details of the story also require a breakthrough in IMAX technology. Hotema said: "One of the biggest technical challenges is that we hope that the IMAX camera can rewind the tape to capture the effect that the film can’t be shot when shooting in the forward direction."

"IMAX cameras have powerful motors, and they also need to be careful and accurate when using them. They can’t rewind at all. The IMAX team was very helpful. They worked with us in research and development, reconstructed the mechanical parts in the film box, and reconstructed the electronic components, thus allowing us to shoot forward and backward simultaneously. "

　

IMAX camera has an obvious disadvantage: it is much noisier than traditional cameras. However, with the help of the latest generation of noise enclosures, Hotema has successfully applied them more widely than ever before. However, he said frankly: "We couldn’t present intimate conversation scenes with IMAX cameras, so we used 65mm cameras again."

　

Hotema’s proficiency in operating the relatively bulky IMAX camera left a deep impression on the actors.

Starring Washington said: "He contributed a lot. Those cameras are very heavy, and he has been shooting. He and Nolan never sit down, so I thought,’ I can’t be tired, and I can’t sit down if they are not tired.’ In this atmosphere, you can’t help but stick to it and go all out. "

　

"Nolan has the most amazing physique I have ever seen. He seems to live on earl grey," Pattinson agreed with a smile. "He is definitely an indomitable representative."

2.Nolan chose Washington as the leading role in Black Party.

Pattinson was chosen because of the contrast of recent works.

Regarding the choice of the hero, Nolan said: "We need an actor who can support the screen. When "Black Party" made its world premiere at Cannes Film Festival, it was at an important stage of Tenet’s conception. "

"The film not only left a deep impression on me, but also surprised me with the natural charm of John David Washington, who is so shining on the screen, which made me full of confidence that he can become the core of our film."

Washington told us that the first thing that attracted him to join Tenet was a name, namely Christopher Nolan.

He said: "I have seen every one of his films, so whatever he wants me to do, I promise.He is a dynamic film storyteller, so he can integrate these profound concepts and build these unique worlds. You will be attracted by what you see, whether it’s action scenes, thriller elements or movie soundtrack … but the core of the movie is the relationship between the characters, the situation around the characters, the need for companionship and the way to explore different emotions. The role is always the part that I am most involved in. "

　

The hero has a helper named Neil to help him complete his mission. Thomas thinks that Robert Pattinson has added real brilliance to the film. "Over the years, we have obviously seen many of his works and enjoyed them very much, and his recent movies have shown us a completely different him, which has aroused our interest. It was really exciting to see him trying to fit into the role, so we were very happy when he agreed to join the film. He is really awesome. "

3. The heroine was originally set as "the elderly"

Debic changed Nolan by acting.

On his mission trip, the hero encountered the biggest obstructionist, a powerful Russian oligarch named Andrei Sattar.

Thomas said: "I think Kenneth will be excited to challenge this unprecedented villain role." I mean, I’ve seen him play the bad guy before, but it’s not as bad as this one. This one is just terrible. But in fact, he is definitely the sweetest and most charming person you want to meet. Kenneth’s most impressive performance was that he chatted happily with him at the scene, and then he turned into a demon in the blink of an eye, which was incredible. And he did it. "

Sattar’s wife Kate is played by elizabeth debicki, and Thomas revealed: "Kate’s role is actually re-conceived for Derbyshire. Kate used to be an elderly character, but,I watched her in Widows’ Union and was impressed by her acting skills.I specially invited Nolan to watch the film for her, and he agreed. Therefore, Kate was rewritten by Elizabeth. She’s amazing. "

Debizi said: "When you get such a profound and interesting script and a role like Kate, and you will partner with such an outstanding figure as Chris Nolan, you will surrender." Is there any reason not to surrender? Life doesn’t always give you so many ideas as gifts, which is what this movie means to me. "

Michael caine, the legendary supporting actor of Nolan’s film, was called "Nolan lucky one" by Thomas: "Without michael caine, it wouldn’t be Nolan’s film," Thomas said with a smile. "It’s lucky and honored to continue to cooperate with him."

4.Rebuild the abandoned grand theater

Block six highways for eight kilometers and chase cars.

As the heavily armed production team entered the Kiev Opera House, Tenet’s filming began.

The crew then went to the location.Tallinn EstoniaLinnahall, a huge venue, continued filming.

The stadium was built for the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games, when Estonia was part of the former Soviet Union. Nathan Crowley pointed out: "I think this is one of my favorite shooting sites. Overlooking the Baltic Sea from here, its architecture combines the fauvism art with the Mayan temple style. It’s big and magnificent. It completely meets all the requirements put forward by Chris and me. Very suitable for our movie. "

　

Crowley pointed out that although it is magnificent, it lacks maintenance and has been abandoned for about ten years. The seat was in a terrible state, the carpet was gone, and the concrete was greatly damaged. There are graffiti and broken glass everywhere, and there are no lights. Repairing is a big project.

　

"We have thoroughly cleaned, rebuilt the stage, polished the concrete surface and rebuilt some external walls that have been warped for many years. We have to repair the gate and replace a lot of glass. We also repaired the lighting equipment on site and added new lighting facilities. We also spent a lot of time dealing with all the audience seats and carpets. For us, it is the most important thing to keep the original appearance and make a little change. This is a great building, and I hope Tallinn can keep it. "

Undoubtedly, the most challenging scene is the well-designed car chase scene, which takes place on the busy expressway in the center of Tallinn, with constant traffic.

　

The first step is not only to obtain a long road use permit, but also to gain several weeks of shooting time.

Executive producer Thomas haislip explained: "We are going to block an eight-kilometer section of a six-lane highway, which is located in the center of Estonia’s most densely populated area."

Even after being approved, he said frankly: "Every day, I worry that the application will not be passed. Fortunately, we were finally approved and there was enough time. We want to thank many people, from local authorities to the public, for their cooperation and support. "

5. Dozens of stunt drivers drive retrograde.

Difficult scenes are controlled by stunt drivers.

Because there are too many vehicles, careful planning is the key to capture the action. The visual effects department led by andrew jackson contributed a lot, providing Nolan, actors and other departments with a dynamic preview of all the shots as a reference.

　

Hotema pointed out: "For example, in a car chase, sometimes it goes forward and sometimes it goes backwards. At some point in time, these different timelines will be intertwined and affect each other, so we have to figure out every shot like a puzzle. "

"Andrew’s team has successfully conceptualized what we want to shoot in the computer, so that we can overlook the whole scene at any time or from any angle."

　

"When we consider the problems related to car chasing, our first assumption is always wrong," Nolan recalled. "Your intuition will preset some things for you, you will believe them, and then after some hard work to solve them, you will realize that your thinking is completely in the wrong direction, and intuition actually takes you on a completely wrong path. Therefore, for these complicated shots, we have to keep looking at the previewer. "

　

"It is very helpful that we can not only look at all the components at a specific time, but also look at their relationships and find out their physical and process principles. Andrew and his team are an extremely important part of this process, "Hotma added.

These shots also require special effects director Scott Fisher to work closely with George Coe Teller.

Fisher said: "We talked a lot about how to control the car in reverse. We conducted some experiments with George to find out how to complete the conversion. Then, the film crew did a great job, prepared real vehicles for the film and integrated them into our tests. "

　

Cottle added: "At the beginning of the test, we firmly believed that if the car was driven in reverse, it would be a real car that could travel 50 or 60 miles per hour. This cannot be faked. And after some training, we succeeded. "

　

Cottle has formed a core team of 20 top drivers from Los Angeles, many of whom have participated in many films directed by Nolan. One of them was Jim Wilkey, who flipped a truck quickly in The Dark Knight. Kotel said: "When we arrived in Estonia, we were already a leading team in the industry."

　

Here, senior stunt drivers from Estonia, Prague and Britain also joined them. Before filming began, Cottle said, "We walked onto an abandoned runway and rehearsed it from beginning to end, because we knew it would be the most difficult problem."

　

Actors are allowed to drive by themselves.Pattinson thinks, "This is extremely interesting. I am a very conservative driver, but it is so exciting to put an IMAX camera on the car console and then shuttle through the passing vehicles. "

Thomas said: "Robert didn’t mention his driving ability at all. In fact, he didn’t seem to be a professional. However, when the stunt team evaluated his ability, they were all surprised by Robit’s driving ability, so he finally drove himself many times in the movie. "

　

Although the actors have driving skills, the stunt team controlled the car in a difficult scene for safety reasons.

Kotler explained: "We installed control pods in all the main characters’ cars or at the top, and arranged stunt drivers in the pods installed on the roof or hidden somewhere in the car. It seems that the actor is driving, but in fact it is the stunt driver who is controlling. "

　

Kotel, who has participated in six stunt films directed by Nolan, said: "Chris’s efforts in safety are second to none; Everything hangs in my heart. He would keep turning his head and asking me,’ How do you feel about it? How’s it going? Is it safe? Do you need more time?’ If it is not safe, he will slow everyone down. My team and I and everyone else on the scene are pleased with this. "

　

Estonia’s shooting location also includes Tallinn Art Museum, which is the preface hall of Oslo Freeport; Inside the warehouse where Tallinn Freeport is located; Railway station; And the port where the hero arrived in Estonia.

6. A rocket launcher is installed on the back of the yacht.

Shooting helicopter scenes with search and rescue teams

　

Many scenes of Tenet’s villain, Sattar, have to be filmed on the yacht, including the ending that he is finally killed.

　

existItalyThe main stage is picturesque.Maarfi coastA blue sea nearby: a luxury super yacht, where Andre Sattar lives.

Neil Andrea, the maritime coordinator, is in charge of preparing various ships appearing in the Tenet. He found this yacht named "The Ninth Planet".

　

The yacht is more than 73 meters long and consists of six decks and a helipad. "This is extremely necessary for some unavoidable scenes, which is one of the key reasons why we like it," Crowley said. "The gray reinforced hull makes it look more industrial and suitable."

Blana agreed. "Sattar designed and built it as a palace, an escape tool and a refuge. It hints at how he reacts to the world in an offensive and defensive way. The yacht itself is an amazing sculpture and structural art work. "

"To be honest, all movies don’t have random shots, but every frame of Nolan’s movies allows you to judge whether the story will rock the boat at any time. Therefore, this ship-including its military attributes, colors, edges and corners-will bring you into the heart of Andre Sattar and spy on its vicious and dangerous nature. "

　

In order to enlarge its nature, Crowley said that he placed a unique device on the back of the ninth planet. "It’s a rocket launcher, and this semi-militarized image seems to say,’ Don’t go near the yacht’, which further makes you feel that you can’t get close to the yacht."

　

Be very careful when modifying the hull during shooting. Crowley said: "When renting a giant yacht, try not to cause any damage. Therefore, it is very important to protect the corners or any vulnerable surfaces when the crew carries all the equipment on board." In fact, the crew assigned four crew members to protect the yacht from any potential damage.

　

Crowley and his team did make some modifications to the yacht: a new deck was built on the existing deck to raise it, and a set was added to cater to the role of Sattar.

However, moving or removing existing decorations is more complicated. "We must be able to make room for lamps and cameras," Crowley said. "Moreover, at least most of the furniture in one room should be removed so that the actors have enough room to walk around." Cleaning the space means that deck parts must be removed, so, just in case, the crew of the ninth planet is responsible for the removal of furniture.

However, there is one place in this yacht that cannot be modified: the helicopter landing pad. It is impossible to bear the weight of Sattar’s Russian-made Mil Mi-8 twin-turbo helicopter, because this helicopter far exceeds the maximum bearing capacity of the lifting platform.

Haislip said, "We have to figure out how to operate the helicopter without actually landing. We successfully found an excellent search and rescue team from Eastern Europe. They conducted some tests. When we filmed the scene, they started to operate the helicopter, almost without hovering. It looked as if the wheels had been placed on the yacht, but in fact they were still hanging in the air-the gap between the wheels and the lifting platform was as thin as a piece of paper; Very accurate and powerful. "

　

Although the key scenes on the yacht were filmed in Vietnamese waters, filmmakers know that it is unrealistic to bring the "Ninth Planet" into Southeast Asia.

Instead, they chooseAmalfi coastReplace Vietnam. Crowley said: "Some cliffs and nearby areas do not have Italian architecture, so they can be regarded as Vietnam."

"Because it’s a long shot, we just need to change its appearance from a distance. We built a small pier on the beach and redecorated several Italian fishing boats to make them look like Vietnamese fishing boats-welcome to Vietnam. " He said with a smile.

7. Shoot the F50 floating catamaran by helicopter.

Build a replica of "Buck" for the actors to perform.

The Ninth Planet is Andrei Sattar’s home on the sea, but in order to seek excitement on the high seas, he owns two state-of-the-art F50 floating catamarans.

The F50 has a unique shape, and its 24-meter-high sail is very hard, similar to the wing of an airplane, which will generate more power when the wind blows.

　

Several hydrofoils under the hull lift the ship from the water, thus reducing the resistance and improving the speed. The speed of the F50 is even higher than 60 mph, so driving it requires both iron will and skilled handling ability: if it is too high, the ship will capsize; It’s too low, and the sense of speed is not good.

　

After the hero came into contact with Sattar, he took him aboard one of the ships, F50, and raced with the other.

For the character and its actor, this is an exciting journey. "It was very intense," Washington confirmed. "It was like flying at high altitude. I was thinking,’ Are you kidding me?’ But I’m not afraid, especially when Nolan and Hotema are tied in the middle and filming around us-they enjoy it so much that they can’t stop. This is so interesting. Smooth sailing! "

Even with the most experienced people at the helm, the filmmakers soon learned that there are established wind speed parameters for the safe navigation of the F50: 5-18 knots.

Hotema said: "We must take into account the extreme capacity of these ships. But it is difficult, because as a film crew, you are used to setting the speed. We have to shoot, get into the rhythm, and find interesting shots … but if the wind suddenly becomes too strong, we have to turn back. These ships are very good, and they are a wonderful experience in many ways, but they may also be frustrating-because we don’t set the speed, but the wind speed of nature determines it. "

　

When the F50 was moving at full speed, other ships couldn’t keep up, so Nolan and Hotema hired helicopters to push and pull the lens, and used camera boats equipped with IMAX cameras on the rim arm to capture the F50 flying by.

In order to take close-ups and dialogues, they built a "Buck"-a replica of the hull of the F50. When Nolan, Hotema and the film crew sit on the attached boat, the actors can perform in "Buck".

existLondon, EnglandI also filmed some scenes, such as the shipley auction house, where the protagonist first met Kate; There are also private schools attended by Kate’s son, and a private club where the hero meets Michael crosby, played by michael caine.

8. Complete the stunt preparation for jumping off a building in the rainstorm

Nolan proposed to let the actors "bounce"

When filming Indian scenes such as climbing stairs, the crew arrived at the end of the monsoon season.Mumbai, India.

Sometimes there are heavy rains here, and once again, the environment has mastered the right to speak.

　

"To tell the truth," haislip recalled, "we are ready to shoot and need the cooperation of the sun. Chris would say,’ All right, guys, get ready to go.’ Then, we saw clouds gathering, and then it rained cats and dogs. As soon as the rain stopped, we started to work again … even though we were all wet. "

　

Hotema said: "Shooting after dark requires a lot of lighting equipment, and even headlights should be installed on the surrounding roofs, because we need to illuminate a large area. The water brought by the heavy rain in the sky brought a lot of challenges to the use of high-voltage electricity, but we did it. Thanks to the crew; They are good at their jobs, which makes complicated situations easier to handle. "

Despite the bad weather, the shooting of complex stunts at night was completed.

The protagonist and Neil must enter the attic of a heavily guarded 20-storey building for activities. "We explored different options, and I said,’ What if we let them go up from the side wall plate?’" Nolan was even more unique and said,’ What will happen if you bounce them up?’ I said,’ Good!’ But I know that once Nolan is approved, there is no way out. We have made various plans to prepare for the stunt, because we must be able to really carry out this’ ejection’ shooting and, as always, ensure safety. "

　

Chris daniels, stunt director and rigging coordinator, flew to Mumbai for precise measurement to see how much rigging was needed. "It’s 250 feet high, so the only way is to build a truss." Cottle said.

　

A small team began to prepare and test stunts very early. "We only plan to stay in Mumbai for less than a week, so I know we must start as soon as we arrive! Moreover, they arrived during the monsoon season, so they had to complete the installation, testing and preparation in the super rainstorm, "Kotel said.

The truss is built on the roof, made of super-strong aluminum, with strong ropes to eject the actors, and then their stuntmen bounce up from the roof of the adjacent 7-story building.

The two were prone on the roof tied with a high-speed mechanical winch, which was carefully tested like all other equipment. "Then, at the press of a button, we will bounce them 70 feet high and touch the building for the first time."

　

Cottle said, "When we are finished, we will press the button again and eject them to the landing site. Washington and Pattinson completed the first part of the jump-we stopped it at the first 20 feet-so when the audience saw the characters first play, it was really their own performance. It’s amazing to see them do this. "

　

Just like the way in, the protagonist and Neil need to bounce off the side of the terrace when they leave here. Washington and Pattinson took the first step: they jumped into the safety net below before their stunt body double, Daniel Graham and Kyle McClane took over. Both actors admit that although they have complete confidence in preparation and safety measures, the take-off is still daunting.

Washington admitted with a smile: "Now I can laugh it off, but I was really nervous. There is a safety net under half a floor, and you still have to jump on it. After that, I am not afraid of anything. "

Pattinson agreed: "Even if we only need a small jump, it is no different from a big jump, because there are 20 floors below the safety net. I feel very terrible, very interesting, very cool, and have an illusory sense of fulfillment. "

　

"It’s much easier for me as a filmmaker to have such a strong actor in this movie," Nolan said. "This gave me more freedom to shoot and benefited me a lot."

　

During their stay in India, the film crew also went to Mumbai Bay overlooking the Arabian Sea to take photos.

9. Relying on the experience of Dunkirk to deal with extreme weather.

Shooting water scenes on an icebreaker

At the beginning of Tenet, the hero was isolated in a towering wind turbine of a huge offshore wind farm, trained for his next move, and waited for the truth to be revealed.

The exterior and interior here are all inThe Baltic Sea off the Danish coastlineReal shot on a wind farm in the middle of the mountain.

　

On the water, it was filmed on a large icebreaker, and the weather has always had an impact on logistics. "One of the main problems we encountered when shooting in this area was the weather," said Neil Andre. "We were in a wind farm, so we knew it would be difficult next. Sometimes, there will be strong winds of more than 40 knots and surges of 8 to 10 feet. However, we are prepared by relying on the experience gained from the filming of Dunkirk. "

The icebreaker was too big to sail into the harbor, so we moored it a mile from the coast. Actors, crew members, cameras and other equipment can only take the crew transport ship, cross the rough sea and get close to the icebreaker. Fortunately, the waves near the hull are smaller.

Andre explained: "The icebreaker is equipped with a dynamic global positioning system and a propeller on the side, which can be manipulated and parked in a proper position. Then, we let the stern meet the storm and reduced the wind, so that people and equipment can get on and off the ship safely. "

　

The crew is still there.Oslo NorwayShooting for one day, the scene includes a meeting between the protagonist and Neil on the roof of the Oslo Opera House, and shooting a discussion scene of three people on the city street about blowing up planes.

10. It’s cheaper to shoot an explosion with a retired plane.

A light source is set on the surrounding roof to keep it brightly lit for a mile.

The dramatic plane explosion that happened in Oslo in the film was actually located in.Victoria Airport in California on the southwest edge of Mojave Desert.Photographed.

Although Nolan tends to shoot the most explosive action scenes in the camera, he originally planned to use models and computer special effects to shoot the above scenes. Understandably, it is assumed from several aspects that it is not allowed to let a real plane blow up.

However, what is shocking is that Thomas revealed: "We calculated the accounts and found that buying a retired old plane for real shooting is actually more cost-effective than building a model and a full-scale internal stereo set."

　

Nolan, Crowley and haislip go to Victorville Airport, where there are old passenger planes to be disposed of.

Nolan’s fancy plane is a Boeing 747 jumbo jet … Funny thing is, before shooting the bombing plane, the crew had to do the repair work first.

Scott Fisher explained: "After the plane retires, they will take out the brakes and other parts, so we need to replace the braking system first. After all, being able to brake is the most important thing. We must also figure out the steering mechanism, what kind of tractor to use, and ensure that everything is running normally. "

Filmmakers still need permission to take off and land from the airport and the manufacturer Boeing, and Boeing needs to provide the hangar because it is part of the fixed position.

"This shot involves the plane hitting the car, hitting the lamppost, and finally hitting the building and igniting. In essence, everything we do is what the airport does not want to happen. "

　

Haislip said frankly: "With their consent, we had to let Boeing board the plane to prove that we would not damage their hangar or sealed plane. We invited physicists to do calculations for stunts and asked them whether the plane has such a large weight, braking force and speed, how long it will take to stop at the earliest and where it will stop. We showed them that if we pressed this button, the plane would travel 23 feet and stop there, and they finally approved us to shoot. "

　

For the sake of safety and control, the plane should not be allowed to slide on its own, so Jim wilkie drove the tractor to drag the plane along the runway and then suddenly turned; After that, the cable/pulley system is used to control the actual impact.

Cottle said: "Jim and Scott spent several weeks researching, and the rest of us finished the time calculation before they could join them."

The plane is controlled by the pilot in the pod near the wheel well in the belly. "We will never let anyone sit in the cockpit to keep them as far away from the collision zone and fireworks as possible."

　

When shooting at night, the crash scene needs to be equipped with huge lighting equipment. Hotema confirmed: "The lighting must cover a large area, so we set up light sources on the roofs of all the surrounding buildings. It is a challenge to keep the lights bright within a mile, because the background of shooting should be an airport in Oslo, and we don’t want to shoot the dry Mojave desert. "

　

Nolan said that even when shooting such a well-designed scene, he must remain calm so that others can follow his command.

　

He said: "I must be very objective and not whimsical. I must regard it as another set of shots, because department heads and people who put complex things together must be able to act calmly and safely. If everyone is obsessed with its scale, the details will be left out. You must pay close attention to safety, so there is a lot of communication between departments to know exactly where we can go and where we can put the camera. As long as we have a serious discussion around it at the same time, find ways together, and listen carefully to everyone’s reactions, things can be done. "

　

Amish Patel, the actor of maher, is an indispensable figure in this scene. He said: "Nolan likes big scenes, but everything depends on the story." He has planned everything, and you know you are safe. Then, just witness the miracle. "

Besides,Terminal building of Los Angeles International AirportAlso "performed" the terminal building of Oslo Airport.

11. Build a full-scale building to replace the green curtain.

Actors wear equipment and shuttle through the desert for 10 hours every day.

The most complicated scene in Tenet took place in an abandoned Russian city, and was shot in three locations.

The location is inMount Iger, a desert ghost town near Indio.Taken in an abandoned iron mine in the middle of the mountain. Nathan Crowley said, "We want to shoot in abandoned buildings in barren Siberian terrain without trees and plants. There are ready-made buildings in Mount Eagle, and we realized that we could transform them into old-fashioned apartment buildings. We also added buildings to keep the feeling of fauvism, which is another architectural language of this film since Linnahall. "

　

In addition to building many full-scale buildings, Crowley’s team also created what he called a "big model" and used forced perspective technology to make the already huge scenery look even bigger.

"You can use forced perspective to deceive your eyes," Crowley said. "We can make something seem to last forever, but this is just an illusion. In fact, this is an ancient technology, which has been largely replaced by the green screen, but we prefer the effective method. Why not use it? This can make creation more interesting, so we will do what we can, and if we can’t, we will ask our visual effects colleagues for help. "

In addition to several leading actors in the film, the entire stunt team and hundreds of extras also participated in the shooting of the Mount Eagle scene. Considering the requirements of the action and the venue, George Coe Teil arranged the first important event for the behind-the-scenes staff.

He said: "We know that everyone must suffer more than real soldiers, because they will put on military uniforms, carry guns and all the equipment, and wear these equipment for up to 10 hours every day in the hot desert, which requires a certain good attitude." But after that, the task gradually increased, and the actors ran wildly in the hilly area, with rocks and concrete blocks from the explosive buildings everywhere, surrounded by carefully set explosions.

　

Some interiors of Mount Eagle are inShed 16 on the set of Warner Bros..The studio is best known for its giant sink. "Studio 16 provides us with the height we need, because the sink allows you to rise 20 feet below the floor level," Crowley said. "We can’t build this kind of scenery in any other studio. Vertically, this is our best choice. "

12. Building turnstiles in closed shopping centers.

Some revolving doors can accommodate cars.

The third location is located.An old closed shopping mall in HawthorneInside, here, the crew built the largest turnstile. "This is the underground entrance of the solid industrial concrete turnstile. It was built here because it inherited the theme of Fauvism architecture, "Crowley said.

　

There are four turnstiles in the movie, each with a unique design: one is built in a warehouse in Estonia; Two were built in Hawthorne Shopping Center; The fourth building was built in studio 23 of Warner Bros.

"These scenes are very eye-catching," haislip said. "The huge revolving door is a magical mechanical device that moves and hinges mechanically. Some of them are so big that they can even accommodate cars. "

13.I have created two hours of material before shooting.

Musicians recorded at home and then synthesized under the epidemic situation.

Tenet’s last creativity was the score, which was composed by Ludwig Granson.

He said: "Although I have never worked with Nolan before, he has had a great influence on the way I experience movies. When talking to him, I was shocked by his vision of the soundtrack, his profound knowledge of music and his efforts to promote Tenet’s breakthrough in music production. "

"When I started writing, the dialogue between us became a listening forum. We analyzed sound, harmony and texture together, and then improved it little by little. Later, when he was about to start shooting around the world, he had two hours of music to listen to and choose. If he thinks of which soundtrack belongs to which character, or how the music fits in with the scene he shot that day in different ways, he records it and tells me. "

　

When describing his creative process, Granson said: "There are many sound hallucinations in the soundtrack. I spent a lot of time listening to familiar voices, and then skillfully processed them organically and digitally, thus reflecting the complex Tenet world. One of the biggest challenges I face in the creation of soundtrack is how can I present a musical roadmap to the audience when they are experiencing such a grand and technically unprecedented film? "

After successfully completing a variety of stunning stunts during photography, Nolan could never have thought that his commitment to safety would extend to the post of soundtrack. However, this year’s epidemic forced them to change the music venue.

　

Granson explained: "It is an unusual feeling to complete the creation of the soundtrack during the epidemic. We were lucky to be able to record the early orchestral chapters in Los Angeles, but the epidemic struck, and we had to reconsider the plan of recording large orchestral chapters for another two weeks. "

"When the whole world changed because of the epidemic, Nolan and I decided to complete the orchestral part of the score by letting musicians record music in their respective homes. This process sounds easy, but it is very troublesome to practice."

"But fortunately, the result was great. When all the content was mixed together, we were all very excited."

　

After the filming of Tenet was finished, Thomas said, "I hope the audience can escape from their daily lives and get involved in this story through this film. In the past few months, we all miss the feeling of being immersed in another world through movies. I am glad that the audience can enjoy this kind of fun again through this film. It will make you sit in the seat of the cinema and be firmly attracted to the front of your neck until the credits begin to roll. "

　

Nolan concluded: "I hope that through Tenet, I can provide the audience with a reason to feel and experience action movies again, especially spy movies. I want to show my audience a new way of watching movies, so that they can also feel the excitement of watching spy movies when I was a child. We also strive to provide a new experience for the audience, that is, when you watch the action scenes in the movie, you can’t predict what will happen next. We really hope to bring the audience an unprecedented journey of time and space reversal. "

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On the day of 618, the number of participating users exceeded 700 million, which greatly promoted the consumption fever. This year, various e-commerce apps changed the promotion rhythm and overweight concessions, and the head brand joint platform put advertisements to grab user traffic. What was the effect from creating momentum to transformation?

Uncertainty and competition have intensified, and each platform has achieved growth through the change of marketing rhythm and the shortcomings of power categories.

1. The consumer market has bottomed out, and the e-commerce platform and merchants jointly seize certain opportunities.　

1.1 Affected by both macro-economy and epidemic situation, the consumer market bottomed out before the "618" promotion.　

With the unsealing of key cities in May and June, the consumer market is expected to usher in a recovery, and the 618 major promotion nodes provide a good opportunity for brands to drive sales.　

1.2 Policy standardizes the development of platform economy, and head players increase subsidies to merchants and consumers, aiming at grasping certain growth in the context of intensified competition.

2. The competition among users between platforms is deepening, and the conversion efficiency of two waves of traffic is different.　

2.1 The scale of large-scale users of mobile shopping continued to grow in the big promotion period. With the intensification of competition, the scale of industry users was more explosive at important nodes.　

According to QuestMobile data, the number of active users in the mobile shopping APP industry reached 730 million on June 18, 2022, up 15.0% year-on-year.

2.2 Each platform is still the focus of the marketing cycle, and it is promoted by actions such as inviting investment in advance and paying in advance.

Integrated e-commerce continues to struggle in the three-stage marketing, and the live e-commerce platform creates a specific outbreak period for the key categories of the platform to achieve the continuous outbreak of category business.　

2.3 In the past three years, the popularity of user participation in the head e-commerce platform has continued to heat up. The final payment period of Taobao has brought the peak of user scale ahead of schedule, and the fluctuation rhythm of users in JD.COM is the same as in previous years.　

According to QuestMobile data, the user scale of the head integrated e-commerce platform reached the peak on June 18th in 2022 during the "618" period, and the user scale in JD.COM increased the most on the day of the 618 carnival compared with the end of May 31st.

2.4 There was a cluster of promotional periods between platforms, and users of Amoy and JD.COM experienced traffic explosion on the first payment day. There was no concept of payment time in Pinduoduo, and the peak of user scale appeared two high points in the morning.

2.5 The water storage characteristics of people in front of important nodes are obvious, which helps the brand to realize efficient transformation.　

As the high point of the first wave of traffic, the payment efficiency of users has been significantly improved compared with normal days. With the help of platform marketing tools, the brand’s lock on potential users, users’ purchase of goods and the cooperation of marketing activities are more accurate, so it has also achieved a secondary improvement in the payment efficiency of the day.

2.6 On the first payment day, users’ cross-platform comparison and ordering behavior became more obvious, and the competition for users by platforms intensified.

3. Each platform takes great opportunities to attract a wider range of users.　

3.1 Under the background of high penetration of mobile e-commerce, Tmall and JD.COM’s newly installed users grew rapidly during the pre-sale period.

3.2 Under the stock market, the head players can cover the user groups more comprehensively with the help of big promotion marketing.

Both ends of the platform exert their strength to awaken users and empower businesses, and brands compete for traffic by rushing to market.

1. The "flow" of comprehensive e-commerce operation has changed to "reserved quantity", and the e-commerce crowd has been broadcast live in a refined way to undertake the realization of flow.

1.1 618 as a super marketing IP, the marketing links are deeply involved by many parties, the media and content positions set up to create a shopping atmosphere and guide traffic, and the marketing pattern of business positions is solid.　

1.2 Integrated e-commerce platform focuses on full-link, multi-node marketing actions to guide users’ full-cycle traffic.

With the advantage of traffic, the live e-commerce platform mainly focuses on the intra-domain content and traffic distribution mechanism, and leads to live transactions through user content consumption patterns.　

1.3 In addition to traffic and marketing subsidies, each platform relies on the marketing science platform and uses differentiated marketing resources to empower businesses.　

By upgrading the marketing platform, integrated e-commerce can promote the business of people and goods yard. In addition to creating high-quality short video/live content IP, live e-commerce provides businesses with refined operational capabilities for brand groups and marketing resources.

2. The enthusiasm of brand joint advertising is not diminished, and the rhythm is pre-emptive to compete for the first wave of traffic.

2.1 The cooperation between brands and channels has deepened, and at the same time, more brands have tried to improve their marketing effects through joint exposure through big promotion.　

2.2 The focus of joint launch is inclined to the drainage period, and e-commerce is coordinated to drain the key marketing nodes.　

2.3 The brand maintains cooperation with other channels on the basis of joint e-commerce, but the attempt of multi-platform cooperation is weakening.

Great promotion stimulates consumption and drives the marketing market to be hot.

1. Advertising is an effective marketing tool during the promotion period.　

1.1 On the whole, 618 material advertisements were placed around the payment date, and the center of gravity was tilted to 6.18.

1.2 During the promotion period, media resources are scarce, and social and video attribute media are more likely to concentrate the resources invested by brand owners and reach users’ attention in combination.

1.3 Typical consumer goods industries adopt multi-peak and high-point advertising.

During the promotion period, a variety of media types were laid out, among which the beauty care and household appliances industries preferred social media.

2. New categories and big items are the main targets of brand owners.　

2.1 The overall beauty industry is fierce, and brand players participate more; The categories of home scenes such as household appliances and computer office are relatively prominent.

2.2 Taking the beauty industry as an example, facial skin care products account for 90% of the investment resources; Head advertisers in the beauty industry are still dominated by internationally renowned brands.

2.3 Domestic brands are more inclined to focus on explosive products, and beauty products reach accurate segmentation through functional features.

2.4 Personal care products advertising focused on shampoo and hair care products.

2.5 Take the household appliance industry as an example. Most household appliances focus on refrigerators and air conditioners, while household appliances and small household appliances mainly focus on new types of household appliances.

Among household appliances and small household appliances, new brands are also relatively active.

3. The topic of manufacturing content of e-commerce platform is preheated, and the volume of popular categories is increased.

3.1 The platform side strengthens the link between consumers and brands through marketing activities, and improves the efficiency of "people-goods" matching.　

During the warm-up period of each platform, the sound volume is increased through topic hot search, so that brands can release new products or main explosive products.

4. Live e-commerce is normalized, and traffic is concentrated on brand sales.

4.1 During the promotion period, the live broadcast of goods continued to be hot, and the live broadcast room still served as a key sales conversion contact.

The marketing node of the live broadcast e-commerce platform moved forward, and the platform activities were further enriched. By creating various theme days and task competitions, the drainage and transformation of the live broadcast room were helped.　

There are many kinds of goods in the live broadcast room. QuestMobile data shows that during the period of June 18, 2022, the TOP3 sales of platform categories in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker were skin care, leisure snacks and make-up.

4.2 During the promotion of Oriental Selection, "accident" broke out, and Lao Yu took over Lao Luo, driving a new round of live e-commerce to move towards scene marketing.　

As a phenomenal live broadcast room, Oriental Selection drives more mature consumers to participate in live e-commerce through scene-based live broadcast, and enhances the cultural level of live broadcast rooms with goods while expanding the crowd.

5, brand heat index map

Overlooking China Yagu Science and Technology Park.

Ziyang speeds up the cultivation of industries with distinctive advantages such as food and beverage.

The first toothed rail train "Snow Mountain Brigade" produced by CRRC Ziyang Locomotive Co., Ltd. in China will be used in the mountain rail transit project from Dujiangyan to Siguniang Mountain.

Spring is full of vitality. Entering Ziyang, there is a vigorous vitality of development and enterprising everywhere.

On March 1st, Ziyang held the ceremony of "Cloud Signing" for industrial investment projects, and signed 18 key projects on site with an investment of 4.918 billion yuan. Twenty days ago, at the cooperation meeting of "State-owned enterprise Ziyang Bank" project in 2023, Ziyang and state-owned enterprises "joined hands" and signed 18 projects, with a total cooperation amount of 47.6 billion yuan …

Projects attract frequent actions, and the pace of seizing opportunities for development is also accelerating. The first Chinese New Year tea party for entrepreneurs, leading cadres at the municipal level and leading comrades at the county level studied and implemented a series of activities such as the Party’s 20th Spiritual Reading Class, studied and implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the provincial party committee, and gathered consensus on development; The city’s industrial high-quality development conference and Ziyang High-tech Zone, Ziyang Airport Economic Zone high-quality development conference, the municipal party committee rural work conference and a series of meetings, special deployment of relevant work arrangements.

From the meeting place to the market, from planning to action, an agreement with wet ink, and a project site in full swing-Ziyang, which is struggling to write a new chapter in building socialist modernization in an all-round way, is moving steadily.

The Sixth Plenary Session of the Fifth ziyang Municipal Committee and the Economic Work Conference of the Municipal Party Committee made it clear that it is necessary to do a good job in promoting the development of Ziyang High-tech Zone and Ziyang Airport Economic Zone, implementing the strategy of strengthening the city through industry, deepening the "three major events" of the reform of municipal state-owned enterprises, implementing the "three major battles" of industrial projects, traffic construction and urban planning and construction, deepening the "n reforms" of state-owned enterprises, and speeding up the construction of a modern industrial new city in Chengdu metropolitan area and a demonstration zone for the rise of central Chengdu and Chongqing.

Stepping into a new journey, Ziyang is striving to embark on a road of modernization that grasps the general trend of the times, embodies the characteristics of Ziyang and serves the overall situation of the province.

Grasp the strategic opportunity and lead the modernization development.

On February 24th, at the construction site of the starting point of the shield section from Lingkong Economic Zone Station to Jiaozi Avenue Station on Ziyang Line of rail transit, two shield machines were started at the same time, and the belt conveyor made a "squeaking" sound, dozens of workers were working, and the muck in the tunnel was continuously transported outside.

"Project construction is accelerating." Tian Li, deputy commander of Ziyang Line Command of Rail Transit, said that at present, all stations on the rail line are capped, and the work of erecting beams on the elevated section has also come to an end. By the end of the year, the whole line of bridges and tunnels will be completed.

As the first cross-city intercity rail transit line in the province, the Ziyang line of rail transit will be pulled into the same city and enter a new stage of "rail city" after its completion.

In the past year, a number of transportation infrastructure projects have blossomed in Ziyang, focusing on the urbanization of Chengzi and the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area: Chengdawan, Chengdu-Chongqing middle line and Chengziyi high-speed railway have been substantially promoted, Chengzi Avenue has been completed and opened to traffic, and Ziyang-Tongliang (Sichuan border) expressway has started construction …

The promotion of transportation infrastructure has opened up the "big channel" and also brought big projects: in Ziyang Airport Economic Zone, the construction of Ziyang Fangte Cultural Tourism Project has been accelerated, which is expected to attract millions of tourists from the province and even the whole country; In Lezhi County, the site construction of Fenan Aluminum Southwest Base is in full swing, and it will become a highland for the development of local intelligent manufacturing industry in the future; In Anyue County, the new project of Ziyang Gas Power Station of Sichuan Investment Group is carried out in an orderly manner. After the whole project is put into operation, it is estimated that the annual power generation will be 7 billion kWh, which can be used by 3 million families …

Ziyang has made it clear that it will adhere to the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area as the general traction, promote high-quality development with the strategic support of the integration of capital into the same city, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial new city in Chengdu metropolitan area and a demonstration zone for the rise of central Chengdu-Chongqing area.

The relevant person in charge of Ziyang Municipal Committee said that with the urbanization of capital and the construction of the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area, various undertakings in Ziyang have opened up a new situation and entered a critical period of breakthrough and an opportunity period of high-quality development.

This point has been deeply felt by many people who are struggling in the front line. Zhong Ning, deputy general manager of CITIC Construction Co., Ltd. and chairman of Sichuan Ziyang Airport Industrial New Town Construction and Development Company, mentioned a change in attracting investment: compared with a few years ago, entrepreneurs who came to contact no longer asked questions about infrastructure construction, but consulted specific matters such as labor costs and upstream and downstream industrial chains around their own development. "This shows that enterprises have begun to consider the situation after landing, which reflects that the attractiveness of capital contribution to enterprises is increasing."

Focus on key breakthroughs and drive overall improvement.

On February 22nd, Ziyang held the city’s industrial high-quality development conference and the high-quality development conference of Ziyang High-tech Zone and Ziyang Airport Economic Zone.

One will focus on industrial development and the other will focus on regional development. Why should they be held together? The answer is "promoting the overall improvement through key breakthroughs".

The relevant person in charge of Ziyang Municipal Committee further explained: from the perspective of industrial development, industry is the main engine of modern industries, and it is necessary to concentrate resources to drive industrial breakthroughs with industrial development and achieve overall economic improvement with industrial breakthroughs; From the perspective of regional development, Ziyang High-tech Zone and Ziyang Airport Economic Zone are the main positions of Ziyang’s industrial development. The development of the two zones should drive the all-round development of the city and achieve the effect of "revitalizing all at once".

Accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with industry as the main engine, and provide strong industrial support for accelerating the construction of a modern industrial new city in Chengdu metropolitan area and a demonstration zone for the rise of central Chengdu-Chongqing area. Ziyang has a clear path-we should focus on "three major events", implement "three major battles" and deepen "n reforms".

More expectations are also brewing. Tang Yiting, deputy director of ziyang Economic and Information Technology Bureau, said that the local government is promoting industrial clusters and industrial agglomeration, and accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system focusing on industries with distinctive advantages. In promoting major projects, Ziyang will promote the start of 14 projects such as the southwest production base of keeway electric vehicles, accelerate the construction of 17 projects such as the southwest base of Fenan Aluminum, and complete and put into operation 9 projects such as the expansion of auto parts in Gillista; In terms of strengthening industrial clusters, Ziyang will focus on precisely attracting investment, extending the chain and supplementing the chain around characteristic and advantageous industries, and promote the formation of a 10 billion-level industrial cluster, so as to realize the total output value of seven major industries, including medicine and health, equipment manufacturing, energy and chemical industry, with a scale of more than 45 billion yuan …

The shock has come, and everything is revived. On both sides of the Tuojiang River, projects have been accelerated and industrial clusters have taken shape … A new picture of Ziyang’s modernization full of vitality has been quietly unfolded. (Reporter Li Wei Gao Kun/Wen Hua Xiaofeng/map)

Shu Shuo Ziyang 2022

Look at the industry

agriculture

Production is generally stable.

The annual grain output was 1.62 million tons.

It has been stable at more than 1.6 million tons for eight consecutive years.

The productivity of animal husbandry has been continuously improved, and 2.865 million pigs were slaughtered in the whole year.

An increase of 4.2% over the previous year.

industry

The economy is stabilizing and improving.

The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 5.6% over the previous year.

The sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size is 96.9%.

High-tech industries maintained rapid growth.

The added value of high-tech industries above designated size increased by 18.0% over the previous year.

Realized operating income of 9 billion yuan, up by 10.8%.

service sector

Sustained recovery

The added value of the tertiary industry increased by 2.9% over the previous year.

Among them, the added value of wholesale and retail increased by 7.3%.

See the potential

Investment in fixed assets grew rapidly.

In 2022, Ziyang invested in fixed assets of the whole society.

An increase of 10.2% over the previous year.

Consumer goods market increased slightly.

The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 44.66 billion yuan.

An increase of 0.3% over the previous year.

Smooth operation of finance and finance.

In 2022, Ziyang local general public budget

The income is 6.10 billion yuan.

The same caliber increased by 16.9%

Among them, tax revenue reached 3.03 billion yuan.

Prices kept rising moderately.

The annual consumer price (CPI) rose by 1.1% over the previous year (source: ziyang Statistics Bureau).

For four and a half months

Fishing season in East China Sea

Has already begun.

In 2024, the marine summer fishing moratorium system continued the management regulations in 2023, and continued to uniformly implement the fishing moratorium in the East China Sea from 12: 00 on May 1 to 12: 00 on September 16. Tens of thousands of fishing boats in Zhejiang Province fully entered the moratorium period.

Specific types of banned sales and

What are the prohibited places?

Let’s take a look ↓↓

According to the relevant regulations, from May 8 to August 1, it is forbidden to sell eight kinds of marine chilled or live aquatic products, such as hairtail, large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, silver pomfret, mackerel, Portunus trituberculatus, dragon head fish and shrimp, in various trading places such as farmers’ markets, supermarkets and temporary stalls, as well as restaurants and food stalls.

Four types of fishing boats, such as shrimp trawling with truss, cage pot, gill net and light fence, were specially licensed to catch shrimps, crabs, pelagic fish and other resources on August 1. After August 1st, Zhejiang residents can buy seafood such as swimming crabs caught in the East China Sea in the market.

During the fishing moratorium, should Zhejiang people who love seafood say goodbye to seafood completely?

Cultured and imported seafood will take over the "baton" of local seafood fishing. Clams, clams, mussels, squid, sea urchins and abalone are all good choices to buy seafood at this time.

Aquatic products such as bass, snapper, grouper and American red fish from marine farms, as well as aquatic products imported from abroad and caught in the ocean, are not within the scope of the ban on fishing, which can make up for the vacancy during this period.

In addition, according to the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Wild Animals and the Decision of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Congress on the Total Prohibition of Illegal Trading and Overeating of Wild Animals, market organizers such as commodity trading markets and farmers’ markets are strictly prohibited from providing display, trading and consumption services for illegally selling, buying, eating and using wild animals and their products or hunting tools that are prohibited from being used.

Market organizers should earnestly fulfill their main responsibilities, strengthen the study of relevant knowledge such as the fishing moratorium system and wildlife protection, carry out extensive publicity and education for business operators, strengthen the management on the market, and immediately stop illegal transactions in the market and report to relevant departments in a timely manner.

The market supervision department will strengthen the inspection and supervision of various markets in accordance with the law, carry out in-depth special law enforcement actions such as "Breeze Action" and "Zhijiang Sword", severely crack down on illegal sales of aquatic products and illegal wildlife transactions in the market, strengthen cooperation with forestry, public security and other departments, and promote the investigation and management of illegal transactions in a list and closed-loop manner.

Original title: "From now until August 1, these kinds of seafood are banned! 》

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Since 2010, the city has implemented the policy of free bus ride for the elderly over 65 years old, and more than 2 million elderly people in the city have enjoyed this benefit. This revision aims at the problems that the elderly in other places can’t ride for free, and the use of the car-respecting card is inconvenient, and further improves the free ride policy for the elderly, making the policy more inclusive and meeting the travel needs of the elderly groups more accurately.

In view of the problem that the elderly people from other places can’t ride free of charge, after the policy adjustment, the elderly people who are registered in this city, those who live in other places in this city and those who come to Tianjin temporarily can enjoy free ride benefits, which further expands the inclusive scope of the policy and implements the relevant provisions on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly people in the country, so that all elderly people in Tianjin can enjoy free ride benefits.

In view of the inconvenience of using the card for respecting the elderly by car, after the policy adjustment, the elderly registered in this city and the elderly from other places holding the residence permit in this city can choose the third generation social security card, the card for respecting the elderly and the electronic card for riding for free; Old people who come to Tianjin temporarily can apply for a temporary electronic card and a temporary card to ride for free. The richness of free ride media provides a variety of choices and channels for the elderly to better meet the needs of different elderly groups.

In addition, after the policy adjustment, the elderly are encouraged to travel in peak hours and enjoy a safer and more comfortable ride environment, so as to reduce potential safety hazards and relieve the pressure of morning and evening peak rides.

(Jiang Yin, Secretary General of Tianjin Highway Society)

Before the old reform, the second ring road of Xihong Road to the industrial section. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

After the old reform, the section from the Second Ring Road to the industrial section of Xihong Road is more spacious. Reporter Ye Yibin photo

Fuzhou Daily reporter Ying Yang Li Bailei Jun Wu correspondent Peng Hui

　　Since the beginning of the year, the renovation of the old housing area in Gulou District has been reported frequently:

　　Three old renovation projects started at the beginning of the year, such as the renovation of the old housing area around Xianta Street, the plot around Fuda Yishan Campus (I) and the Guoyangdang plot, have basically completed the relocation;

　　The requisition and relocation of four contiguous old housing reconstruction projects, including the reconstruction project from Ouyechi to Chenghuang Temple (Phase I) and the reconstruction project around Huoxiang, are progressing in an orderly manner;

　　Two old housing reconstruction projects, including Sheshan in Mei Feng, are about to enter the site, and another eight projects are in the early stage of preparation, and the land requisition and relocation will be started in due course in the second half of the year.

　　The renovation of old housing areas bears the people’s dream of living in peace, and is also closely related to the improvement of urban functional quality. In order to speed up the construction of a blessed state with a more beautiful environment, better quality, more comprehensive functions and better service, last year, the municipal party committee and the municipal government decided to implement a three-year action plan for the renovation of contiguous old housing areas, and put forward the specific deployment of the "three-year action plan and two-year work arrangement".

　　Gulou District attaches great importance to it, responds quickly and takes the initiative to pressurize it. It has decided to start all the 17 450,000-square-meter old renovation projects involved in the "Three-year Action Plan" within this year. "Three-year old reform, one-year implementation", in this tough battle, the majority of cadres in Gulou District lifted their spirits, worked hard, carefully planned and coordinated, collected sunshine and provided sincere service, and carried out the action of "improving livable environment and building a happy home" in depth, striving to show new responsibilities and achieve new achievements in the new era.

[This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Xinhua Viewpoint" (ID: xhsxhsd)]

The "Carp Jumping at the Dragon Gate" water feature of the four-story fountain, and the rockery waterfalls built by the real mountains are cut off … This is not a star-rated hotel in a metropolis, but a newly-built middle school in Zhen ‘an County, Shangluo City, a deep poverty-stricken county in Shaanxi Province. And there are more doubts behind this "luxury middle school".

Generally speaking, schools that are beautiful or even gorgeous will not be questioned too much. After all, "no matter how poor you are, you can’t be poor in education". However, according to a survey conducted by Xinhua Viewpoint, the local fiscal revenue of Zhen ‘an County in 2019 was less than 200 million yuan, and the total investment of this middle school was as high as 710 million yuan, which led to high debts, which made people not only confused about whether it was an "image project" variant under the "luxury" appearance, but also suspected that some school leaders’ office buildings exceeded the standard.

"luxury" campus in poverty-stricken counties: it costs more than 2 million yuan to cut mountains and fake waterfalls, and the area of several leading offices is suspected to exceed the standard.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient degree in urban areas, since 2015, Zhen ‘an County has started to build a new Zhen ‘an middle school project. The new campus is located in Taiping village, Yongle street, Zhen’ an county, about 14 kilometers away from the county seat, and has been delivered recently. According to the school, the school covers an area of 272 mu, with a total construction area of 129,000 square meters, and plans to accommodate 6,000 students.

The reporter recently visited the site and found that there are 24 main buildings such as teaching building, dormitory building, dining building, gymnasium and teachers’ apartment in the new site of Zhen ‘an Middle School, and 120 classes are set up, which greatly improves the educational conditions in mountainous areas.

However, there are some facilities that have nothing to do with teaching in the campus: entering the campus from the magnificent antique archway gate, the four-story fountain waterscape ascending the steps along the trail, 16 stone carvings of carp distributed on both sides, and the school motto marble tablet about 8 meters long and 1.5 meters high on one side is located at the end of the fountain. According to the staff of the school, the waterscape means "carp jumping at the dragon gate", and the school motto stone tablet pulled from Xi ‘an cost 50,000 to 60,000 yuan.

Passing through the huge square arch of the school administration building, the pyramidal roof with triple eaves and the library based on the Hall of Prayer for the Good Year in the Temple of Heaven are built on the high platform. There are some reading rooms in the building, but the space utilization rate is low. There is only one sand table in the large high school.

On campus, except for the stone railings that can be seen everywhere, every building has an imitation Tang-style building roof. In the southwest corner, a pavilion is built on a multi-level waterfall group with a length of about 50 meters and a drop of about 15 meters, surrounded by rockeries, waterwheels, plank roads, waterscapes and stone arch bridges.

According to the relevant person in charge of the preparation office of Zhen ‘an Middle School, the water features of rockery waterfall cost more than 2 million yuan, and for this reason, some mountains were leveled and anti-landslide retaining walls were built. The affiliated projects of the whole school, such as green belt and pipe network, cost more than 80 million yuan.

The internal facilities of the administrative office building are also quite eye-catching. The visual area of the office with the number of "Deputy Secretary" is more than 30 square meters, and the visual area of another office with the sign of "Director of Class Management Office" is about 30 square meters.

According to the Construction Standard for Office Buildings of Party and Government Organs, the area of county-level deputy offices of county-level organs shall not exceed 24 square meters. As a deputy county-level unit, Zhen’ an Middle School has obviously exceeded the office area of "Deputy Secretary" and "Director of Class Management Office".

In addition, in the school dining room with a total area of 14,000 square meters, there are several private rooms on the fourth floor, with mahogany floors, chairs with flowers and exquisite tableware.

A cadre of Zhen ‘an County Party Committee said that the reason why the campus should be built with Tang-style architecture style is because the local government wants to build Tang Wenhua to "promote the integration of culture and tourism".

Last year, the local fiscal revenue was only 178 million yuan, and it was necessary to repay more than 50 million yuan in loans every year for 12 consecutive years.

As early as February 2013, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Building an Economical Campus through Diligence and Thrift Education, proposing that school buildings should be built according to the principles of simplicity, practicality, applicability and resource conservation, and the cost standards of school building construction projects should be strictly controlled, and luxury decoration should not be allowed, and "luxury school gates" and "luxury office buildings (rooms)" should be resolutely put an end to.

The Opinions on Further Adjusting and Optimizing the Structure to Improve the Efficiency in the Use of Education Funds issued by the General Office of the State Council in August 2018 clearly states that education should be carried out with diligence and thrift, image projects and achievements projects are strictly prohibited, and luxury schools are strictly prohibited from being built beyond the standard. Every education fund should be used in key places. We should do our best, do what we can, and not engage in the project of "living beyond our means".

According to the reporter’s investigation, the total investment of Zhen ‘an Middle School Project is 710 million yuan, and Zhen ‘an County needs to repay at least 50 million yuan in loans every year for 12 consecutive years.

According to the relevant person in charge of the school preparation office, the Zhen ‘an Middle School project started in 2015, and the preliminary expenses such as land demolition, three links and one leveling, planning and design cost 90.8 million yuan. Subsequently, Zhen ‘an State Investment Corporation and the contractor jointly invested more than 100 million yuan to set up a project management company, and raised 320 million yuan from the bank, making up 510 million yuan of the total investment in the project budget.

"In the past few years, the final settlement cost has changed again, and the current investment has reached 710 million yuan." The person in charge said that in addition to the estimated annual repayment of 53.37 million yuan to the bank for 12 consecutive years, there are still about 200 million yuan in arrears. "In the future, the county will take part of the money, and then find ways to win the higher-level funds to solve part of it."

As a deep poverty-stricken county that took off its hat in May 2019, in 2019, Zhen ‘an County completed local fiscal revenue of 178 million yuan, and public budget expenditure mainly relied on fiscal transfer payment. Zhen ‘an County’s "Report on the Implementation of the Budget in 2019 and the Draft Budget in 2020" shows that in 2019, "the task of preventing and resolving government debt risks is arduous, and the debt repayment pressure is increasing". From January to May 2020, the county’s local tax revenue reached 60.81 million yuan, down 7.2% from the same period of last year. According to the report, in 2020, "the government debt service will surge, and the contradiction between revenue and expenditure will become more acute".

Beware of the spread of luxury and livelihood projects

In the interview, some local cadres believed that building schools with high standards reflected the concept of "no matter how poor you are, you can’t be poor in education", even if you build them ahead of time, it is understandable. However, some experts say that it sounds like a good thing to borrow money to run a school, but in fact, a lot of funds are not really used to improve teaching, which leads to a waste of funds, formalism and a distorted view of political achievements.

Some teachers in Zhen ‘an Middle School reported that while the hardware was improved, the software such as school teachers’ strength was not significantly improved. Moreover, some planning is unreasonable, resulting in a waste of resources.

According to the data of the school, there are four teacher apartment buildings in the school, of which 104 are two bedrooms, one living room, one kitchen and one bathroom, and 334 are one bedroom and one bathroom. All the apartments are "Simmons, wardrobes, bookcases, sofas, tables and chairs, dining tables, stoves, sanitary baths and TV broadband, and you can check in directly with your bag".

However, many teachers report that most teachers live in the county town and will not move in, which may cause apartment buildings to be idle. Moreover, the new school is 14 kilometers away from the county seat, and the monthly commuting expenses will be more than 1,000 yuan, which increases the burden on teachers.

Shi Ying, vice president of the Chinese Society of Social Sciences and head of the People’s Livelihood Group of the Shaanxi Provincial Decision-making Advisory Committee, said that it is understandable that the school is ahead of schedule, but the school is not a scenic spot, so it is unnecessary to build antique buildings and rockery waterfalls beyond its actual value.

Some experts said that the original intention of attaching importance to education in poor areas is worthy of recognition, but we must do what we can. Especially after the wind stops in the building, it is necessary to prevent the wind of luxury from spreading to people’s livelihood projects. While improving the educational hardware, the government should also invest in the construction of teaching staff and personnel training.

Editor’s note: This article is from Tencent Technology (ID:qqtech), written by Zach Xiaosheng, and reproduced by Entrepreneurship.

The highlight of NPU(AI chip) and GPU (common chip) is that they can run multiple parallel threads. NPU takes it to another level through some special hardware-level optimizations, such as providing some easily accessible cache systems for some truly different processing cores. These high-capacity cores are simpler than the usual "conventional" processors because they don’t need to perform many types of tasks.

On July 20th, CAMBRIAN was officially listed in A-share science and technology innovation board, becoming the first AI chip, which aroused heated discussion and concern in the industry.

According to relevant data, there are more than 1,500 IC design enterprises in China. However, there are fewer companies with AI chips, and there are only more than 20 companies. Among these AI chip companies, CAMBRIAN is the most prominent, especially the recent IPO, and the stock of Kechuang soared on the first day of listing. So what is AI chip, and how is it different from our ordinary CPU?

From the perspective of principle logic, AI processor is a special chip, which combines artificial intelligence technology and machine learning, making the mobile device of the chip smart enough to imitate the human brain, which is used to optimize the work of deep learning AI, and is also a system using multiple processors with specific functions. The ordinary chip (ordinary cpu) is packaged in a smaller chip package, which is designed to support mobile applications and provide all the system functions needed to support mobile device applications.

Most of the time, the marketing teams of major companies find the word AI (artificial intelligence) very "advanced and gorgeous", so they bind it to almost any possible commercial use. So, you must have heard of it

"Artificial Intelligence Chip" is actually a renamed version of NPU (Neuroprocessing Unit). These are special types of ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), which are designed to widely apply machine learning in the mobile market.

These ASIC have a special architecture design, which enables them to execute the machine learning model faster, instead of unloading data to the server and waiting for its response. This execution may not be so powerful, but it will be faster because there are fewer obstacles between the data and the processing center.

Generally speaking, we can understand that NPU is AI chip and ordinary chip is CPU.

The CPU will work well in a general load environment, because it has a high IPC, which can be executed through many serial ports. And the CPU follows the Von Neumann architecture, and its core is to store programs and execute them sequentially. The architecture of CPU needs a lot of space to put storage unit (Cache) and Control unit (control unit). Compared with it, the computing unit only occupies a small part, so it is extremely limited in the ability of large-scale parallel computing and is better at logical control.

The highlight of NPU and GPU is that they can run multiple parallel threads. NPU takes it to another level through some special hardware-level optimizations, such as providing some easily accessible cache systems for some truly different processing cores. These high-capacity cores are simpler than the usual "conventional" processors because they don’t need to perform many types of tasks. This whole set of "optimization" makes NPU more efficient, which is why so much research and development will be invested in ASIC.

Machine learning model processing requires CPU, DSP, GPU and NPU to be synchronized at the same time, which is because many chip processing units are working together. But it also explains why such execution is "heavy" for mobile devices.

One of the advantages of NPU is that most of the time is focused on low-precision algorithms, new data flow architecture or memory computing power. Unlike GPUs, they are more concerned with throughput than latency.

Of course, AI algorithm is very important. In image recognition and other fields, CNN convolution network, speech recognition, natural language processing and other fields are commonly used, mainly RNN, which are two different algorithms. However, in essence, they are all multiplication and addition of matrices or vector, and then cooperate with some algorithms such as division and exponent.

In addition, a mature AI algorithm is optimized for specific mathematics of convolution operation and weighted summation. This process is very fast. It is like a GPU without graphics hardware. For the AI chip, if the specific target size is determined, then the total number of multiplication and addition calculations is determined. For example, a trillion times, for example, if I run a program with an AI chip, I can have a meal, and the CPU needs to run for several weeks. No commercial company will waste time.

In addition to the CAMBRIAN, there are also these well-known AI chip companies in China, such as Bitcontinent, Horizon, Tianxin Zhixin, Yizhi Electronics, Exploration Technology, Suiyuan Technology, Hisilicon, Jianan Technology, etc., all of which have experienced the actual landing inspection period from 2015 to the present, before they get to the present situation. The products of each company are also unique, with their own styles in power consumption, performance and application scenarios, which can occupy a place in the vast market of China.

China AI chip company is in a development boom. What about the development of foreign AI chips? Now let’s look at the companies that we think are the top developers of artificial intelligence chips, although there is no specific order-just those companies that have demonstrated their technology and have put it into production or will put it into production soon. The details are as follows:

1. Alphabet (Google’s parent company)

Google’s parent company urges the development of artificial intelligence technology in many fields, including cloud computing, data centers, mobile devices and desktop computers. Perhaps the most noteworthy is its Tensor Processing Unit, which is an ASIC specially designed for Google’s TensorFlow programming framework, mainly used for two branches of AI, machine learning and deep learning.

Google’s Cloud TPU is used in data centers or cloud solutions, and its size is equivalent to a credit card, but the Edge TPU is a coin with a size less than one cent, which is specially designed for some specific devices. Nevertheless, analysts who observe this market more closely say that Google’s Edge TPU is unlikely to appear on the company’s own smartphones and tablets in the short term, and it is more likely to be used in higher-end, enterprise and expensive machines and equipment.

2. Apple

Apple has been developing its own arm chips for many years, and may eventually stop using suppliers such as Intel. Apple has basically got rid of the entanglement with Qualcomm, and it really seems determined to go its own way in the field of artificial intelligence in the future.

The company uses A13 "bionic" chips on the latest iphone and ipad. The chip uses Apple’s neural engine, which is part of the circuit and cannot be used by third-party applications. A13 bionic chip is faster and consumes less power than the previous version. According to reports, A14 version is currently in production and may appear on more mobile devices of the company this year.

3. ARM

The chip design produced by Arm (ArmHoldings) has been adopted by all prominent technology manufacturers including Apple. As a chip designer, it doesn’t make its own chips, which gives it some advantages, just like Microsoft doesn’t make its own computers. In other words, Arm has great influence in the market. The company is currently developing artificial intelligence chip design along three main directions: Project Trillium, an "ultra-efficient" and scalable new processor with the goal of machine learning applications; Machine learning processor, which is self-evident; Arm NN is the abbreviation of neural network, which is a processor for processing TensorFlow, Caffe is a deep learning framework, and there are other structures.

4. Intel

As early as 2016, according to the Wall Street Journal, the chip giant Intel announced the acquisition of the startup NervanaSystems, and Intel will acquire the company’s software, cloud computing services and hardware, so that the products can better adapt to the development of artificial intelligence. But its artificial intelligence chip series is called "neural network processor": artificial neural network imitates the working mode of human brain and learns through experience and examples, which is why you often hear that machines and deep learning systems need "training". With the previous release of Nervana, it seems that Intel will give priority to solving problems related to natural language processes and deep learning.

5. Nvidia (NVIDIA)

In the GPU market, we mentioned that GPU can handle artificial intelligence tasks much faster than CPU, and Nvidia seems to be in a prominent position. Similarly, the company seems to have gained an advantage in the nascent artificial intelligence chip market. These two technologies seem to be closely related, and NVIDIA’s progress in GPU will help accelerate the development of its artificial intelligence chip. In fact, gpu seems to be the support of Nvidia artificial intelligence products, and its chipset can be called artificial intelligence accelerator. Jetson Xavier was released in 2018, and Huang Renxun, CEO of Jetson Xavier, said at a news conference: "This small computer will become the brain of future robots".

Deep learning seems to be NVIDIA’s main interest. Deep learning is a higher level of machine learning. You can think of machine learning as short-term learning with relatively limited data sets, while deep learning uses a large amount of data collected over a long period of time to return results, which in turn are designed to solve deeper and potential problems.

6. AMD (Ultramicro Semiconductor)

Like NVIDIA, AMD is another chip manufacturer closely related to graphics cards and GPUs, partly due to the growth of the computer game market in the past few decades and the growth of the bitcoin mining industry. AMD provides hardware and software solutions, such as machine learning and deep learning of EPYC cpu and Radeon Instinct gpu. Epyc is the processor name provided by AMD for servers (mainly used in data centers), while Radeon is a graphics processor mainly for gamers. Other chips provided by AMD include Ryzen, and perhaps the more famous Athlon. It seems that the company is still in a relatively early stage in the development of artificial intelligence-specific chips, but in view of its relative strength in the GPU field, observers believe that it will become one of the leaders in this market. AMD has signed a contract to provide Epyc and Radeon systems to the U.S. Department of Energy to build one of the fastest and most powerful supercomputers in the world, which is called "Frontier".

7. Qualcomm (Qualcomm)

Qualcomm made a lot of money from the cooperation with Apple at the beginning of the smartphone craze, and Qualcomm may feel left out in the cold about Apple’s decision to stop buying its chips. Of course, Qualcomm itself is not a small company in this field, and considering the future, it has been making some major investments.

Last year, Qualcomm released a new "cloud artificial intelligence chip", which seems to be related to its development in the fifth generation telecommunications network (5G). These two technologies are considered to be the basis for building a new ecosystem of self-driving cars and mobile computing devices. Analysts said that Qualcomm is a latecomer in the field of artificial intelligence chips, but the company has rich experience in the mobile device market, which will help realize its goal of "making artificial intelligence on devices everywhere".

Of course, other large international companies, such as Samsung, TSMC, Facebook, IBM and LG, are also developing their own AI chips. Whoever can master the cutting-edge AI chips first will get a slice of the new economic rising trend.

The reality described by the marketing departments of major companies is completely different from the reality outside those companies. Although decades of research have given us new ways to process information and classify input, which is faster than ever, there is no real AI in the hardware we buy, so which chip company can seize the market pain point and realize the application first, it can gain a great advantage on the track of artificial intelligence chips.

At present, the global artificial intelligence industry is still in a high-speed development, and the distribution of different industries provides a broad market prospect for the application of artificial intelligence. The commercialized society needs the application of artificial intelligence. AI chip is the hardware foundation for realizing the algorithm, and it is also the strategic commanding height of the future artificial intelligence era, and all the top companies in the world will fight for it. However, because the current AI algorithms often have their own advantages and disadvantages, only by setting a suitable scene for them can they best play their role. I also hope that AI can enter the sight of ordinary people this morning.

From the perspective of industrial development, it is still in the primary stage of artificial intelligence chips, and there is extraordinary room for innovation in both scientific research and commercial applications. In the application scenario, the AI chip with iterative algorithm develops into a general intelligent chip with higher flexibility and adaptability, which is the inevitable direction of technology development. Less computing bit width of neural network parameters, more customized design of distributed memory, more sparse large-scale vector realization, higher computing efficiency, smaller volume and higher energy efficiency in complex heterogeneous environment, the integration of computing and storage will become the main characteristics and development trend of artificial intelligence chips in the future.

References:

1. Research Report on Investment Prospect of IC Design Industry in China in 2019.

2. The development status and trend of artificial intelligence chips [J] Science and Technology Herald

3. The picture comes from the Internet.

This article (including pictures) is reproduced by the cooperative media and does not represent the position of the entrepreneurial state. Please contact the original author for reprinting. If you have any questions, please contact editor@cyzone.cn.

An overseas traveler visited China on March 20, and bought a batch of Chinese herbal pieces in a tax refund shop in Beijing on March 21, and obtained the general VAT invoice and the corresponding tax refund application form issued by the tax refund shop on the same day. The invoice indicated that the tax rate was 10%. On April 25th, when the overseas passenger leaves the country, which tax rebate rate should be used to calculate the tax rebate for Chinese herbal pieces when handling the tax refund for the passenger?